6-氨基青霉烷酸(6-APA)是青霉素β-内酰胺抗生素的核心组分。它被用作抗菌化合物氨苄西林和阿莫西林的前体。
化学性质6-APA 是一种白色或微黄色结晶粉末,熔点为 208-209℃(分解)。它微溶于水,而不溶于丁酸乙酯、乙醇或丙酮。遇碱易分解,对酸较为稳定。
用途作为医药中间体,6-APA 广泛用于生产半合成青霉素。阿莫西林 EP 杂质 A 是从青霉菌的发酵液中获得的 (+)-6-氨基青霉烷酸,它是青霉素的核心结构,并被用作制备多种半合成青霉素的主要起始原料。
用途熔点:197~200℃;比旋光度:+270~+280°(C=1.2,0.1 mol/L 盐酸);性状:白色或微黄色结晶粉末,微溶于水,不溶于丁酸乙酯、乙醇或丙酮。遇碱易分解,对酸较稳定。
用途6-APA 还可用于生化研究,并作为制备半合成青霉素的原料。
生产方法生产 6-APA 的方法包括固相酶法和化学裂解法。其中,化学裂解法以青霉素 G 钾盐为原料,在经过缩合、氯化、醚化得到双亚胺醚后,将其加入冷却至 -13±1℃的蒸馏水中进行水解 20 分钟,然后添加氨水(期间加晶种),调整 pH 值至 4.1 后保温 20 分钟。过滤、用丙酮洗涤并干燥后可获得 6-APA。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
青霉素V | penicilin V | 87-08-1 | C16H18N2O5S | 350.395 |
氨苄西林 | ampicillin | 69-53-4 | C16H19N3O4S | 349.411 |
—— | 6R(β)-tritylaminopenicillanic acid | 40124-92-3 | C27H26N2O3S | 458.581 |
阿莫西林 | amoxicillin | 26787-78-0 | C16H19N3O5S | 365.41 |
—— | methyl 6β-(triphenylmethylamino)penicillinate | 21027-18-9 | C28H28N2O3S | 472.608 |
—— | 6β-(2-carboxy-benzoylamino)-penicillanic acid | 47449-42-3 | C16H16N2O6S | 364.379 |
—— | 6-β-phthalimidopenicillanic acid | 20425-27-8 | C16H14N2O5S | 346.364 |
—— | (2S,5R,6S)-Benzyl 6-Hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylate | 51056-25-8 | C15H17NO4S | 307.37 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 6-aminopenicillanic acid methyl ester | 13789-47-4 | C9H14N2O3S | 230.288 |
—— | 6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester | 13789-44-1 | C10H16N2O3S | 244.315 |
—— | methoxymethyl 6-β-aminopenicillinate | 36140-96-2 | C10H16N2O4S | 260.314 |
—— | cyanomethyl (2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate | 19460-38-9 | C10H13N3O3S | 255.298 |
—— | 6β-amino-penicillanic acid propionyloxymethyl ester | 47065-12-3 | C12H18N2O5S | 302.351 |
—— | prop-2-enyl (2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate | 87106-47-6 | C11H16N2O3S | 256.326 |
—— | 6-aminopenicillanic acid trimethylsilyl ester | 1025-55-4 | C11H20N2O3SSi | 288.443 |
[(2,2-二甲基丙烷酰基)氧基]甲基6-氨基-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸酯 | (pivaloyloxy)methyl 6β-aminopenicillate | 25031-08-7 | C14H22N2O5S | 330.405 |
—— | 6β-((Ξ)-5-amino-5-carboxy-pentanoylamino)-penicillanic acid | 93864-65-4 | C14H21N3O6S | 359.403 |
阿地西林 | penicillin N | 525-94-0 | C14H21N3O6S | 359.403 |
—— | 6β-Ξ-norleucylamino-penicillanic acid | 3381-65-5 | C14H23N3O4S | 329.42 |
—— | 6-Butylureido-penicillansaeure | 47148-21-0 | C13H21N3O4S | 315.393 |
美西林 | mecillinam | 32887-01-7 | C15H23N3O3S | 325.432 |
—— | benzyl (2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate | 3956-31-8 | C15H18N2O3S | 306.386 |
—— | benzyl (2S,5R,6S)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate | 49626-54-2 | C15H18N2O3S | 306.386 |
(2S-顺式)-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | penicillanic acid | 87-53-6 | C8H11NO3S | 201.246 |
—— | penicillanic acid | 87-53-6 | C8H11NO3S | 201.246 |
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-6-{[(苯基硫基)乙酰基]氨基}-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | 6-Phenylmercapto-acetylamino-penicillansaeure | 26552-51-2 | C16H18N2O4S2 | 366.462 |
—— | 6-Cyclohexylureido-penicillansaeure | 47295-10-3 | C15H23N3O4S | 341.431 |
—— | 6β-benzylideneamino-penicillanic acid | 21019-16-9 | C15H16N2O3S | 304.37 |
—— | 6-t-butoxycarbonylaminopenicillanic acid | 26531-14-6 | C13H20N2O5S | 316.378 |
青霉素V | penicilin V | 87-08-1 | C16H18N2O5S | 350.395 |
4H-环戊-1,3-二噁唑,5-乙烯基-2,2-二乙基四氢-,(3aR,6aS)-rel- | 6-Sulfoaminopenicillanic acid | 83670-99-9 | C8H12N2O6S2 | 296.3 |
—— | 6β-(1-methyl-3-oxobut-1-enylamino)penicillanic acid | 81651-32-3 | C13H18N2O4S | 298.363 |
—— | 6β-(2,2,2-trichloro-ethoxycarbonylamino)-penicillanic acid | 35500-66-4 | C11H13Cl3N2O5S | 391.66 |
苯氧甲基青霉素钾杂质D | p-hydroxyphenylpenicillin V | 20880-67-5 | C16H18N2O6S | 366.395 |
—— | triethylammonium 6β-(1-methyl-2-methoxycarbonylvinylamino)penicillanate | 87106-40-9 | C13H18N2O5S | 314.362 |
—— | 4-methoxybenzyl 6-aminopenicillanate | 40482-77-7 | C16H20N2O4S | 336.412 |
—— | 6-Phenylureido-penicillansaeure | 36143-17-6 | C15H17N3O4S | 335.384 |
—— | 6β-((Ξ)-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonylamino)-penicillanic acid | 47148-14-1 | C13H18N2O5S | 314.362 |
—— | <2S-<2α,5α,6β>>-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-<<(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl>amino>-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 23536-59-6 | C16H18N2O5S | 350.395 |
非奈西林 | phenethicillin | 147-55-7 | C17H20N2O5S | 364.422 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-6-ethanesulfonamido-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C10H16N2O5S2 | 308.379 |
—— | D-(α-Phenoxyethyl)penicillin | 34378-72-8 | C17H20N2O5S | 364.422 |
—— | L-(α-Phenoxyethyl)penicillin | 1914-69-8 | C17H20N2O5S | 364.422 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-6-vinylsulfonamido-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C10H14N2O5S2 | 306.364 |
—— | 6β-amino-1ξ-oxo-1λ4-penicillanic acid | 4888-97-5 | C8H12N2O4S | 232.26 |
—— | [2S,5R,6R]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(4-pyren-1-ylbutanoyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C28H26N2O4S | 486.591 |
(2S,5R,6R)-6-[(2-呋喃-3-基乙酰基)氨基]-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | 6β-(2-furan-3-yl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid | 35987-91-8 | C14H16N2O5S | 324.357 |
—— | Phenyl penicillin | 6489-59-4 | C15H16N2O4S | 320.369 |
—— | 6-(4-Chlorphenylureido)penicillansaeure | 53093-30-4 | C15H16ClN3O4S | 369.829 |
—— | 6β-amino-penicillanic acid 2-oxo-2-phenyl-ethyl ester | 19443-86-8 | C16H18N2O4S | 334.396 |
青霉素G甲酯 | penicillin G methyl ester | 653-89-4 | C17H20N2O4S | 348.423 |
异丙西林 | 6β-(2-methyl-2-phenoxy-propionylamino)-penicillanic acid | 4780-24-9 | C18H22N2O5S | 378.449 |
—— | methyl penicillanate | 4027-61-6 | C9H13NO3S | 215.273 |
丙匹西林 | α-phenoxypropylpenicillin | 551-27-9 | C18H22N2O5S | 378.449 |
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-6-{[(2S)-2-苯氧基丁烷酰基]氨基}-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | propicillin | 3736-12-7 | C18H22N2O5S | 378.449 |
—— | Propicillin | 907-74-4 | C18H22N2O5S | 378.449 |
—— | 6-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazinylamino)penicillanic acid | —— | C11H11Cl2N5O3S | 364.212 |
(2S-(2-alpha,5-alpha,6-beta))-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-6-(((四氢-5-甲基-2-呋喃基)羰基)氨基)-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环(3.2.0)庚烷-2-羧酸 | 6β-((2Ξ)-ξ-5-methyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonylamino)-penicillanic acid | 47219-50-1 | C14H20N2O5S | 328.389 |
—— | methyl (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenoxyacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate | 2315-05-1 | C17H20N2O5S | 364.422 |
—— | benzhydryl 6-aminopenicillanate | —— | C21H22N2O3S | 382.483 |
—— | 6β-(2-thiophen-2-yl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid | 13268-65-0 | C14H16N2O4S2 | 340.424 |
氨苄西林 | ampicillin | 69-53-4 | C16H19N3O4S | 349.411 |
—— | 6β-(trimethylsilanyl-amino)-penicillanic acid trimethylsilanyl ester | 1160-31-2 | C14H28N2O3SSi2 | 360.625 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(pyren-1-ylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C26H22N2O4S | 458.538 |
—— | ampicillin | 33993-48-5 | C16H19N3O4S | 349.411 |
(2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2S)-2-氨基-2-苯基乙酰基]氨基}-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | ampicillin | 19379-33-0 | C16H19N3O4S | 349.411 |
—— | Ampiciliin | 69-53-4 | C16H19N3O4S | 349.411 |
—— | 6-aminopenicillanic acid p-nitrobenzyl ester | 29750-72-9 | C15H17N3O5S | 351.383 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-6-(3'-(4'-isobutylphenyl)propanamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C21H28N2O4S | 404.53 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-6-((R)-3’-(4’-isobutylphenyl)propanamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C21H28N2O4S | 404.53 |
—— | 6-α-methylpenicillin N | 388568-26-1 | C15H23N3O6S | 373.43 |
—— | (5R)-6t-amino-3,3,6c-trimethyl-7-oxo-(5rH)-4-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2c-carboxylic acid benzyl ester | 36273-78-6 | C16H20N2O3S | 320.412 |
—— | 6β-((Ξ)-2-bromo-2-phenyl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid | 41128-27-2 | C16H17BrN2O4S | 413.292 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[[2-[4-[2-[2-[2-(2-pent-4-enoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]acetyl]amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 1415712-95-6 | C29H42N2O9S | 594.726 |
—— | 6R(β)-tritylaminopenicillanic acid | 40124-92-3 | C27H26N2O3S | 458.581 |
—— | ethoxymethyl 6-β-(methylsulfonylamino)penicillinate | 1415713-10-8 | C12H20N2O6S2 | 352.433 |
阿莫西林 | amoxicillin | 26787-78-0 | C16H19N3O5S | 365.41 |
—— | amoxicillin | 26787-78-0 | C16H19N3O5S | 365.41 |
(2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2S)-2-氨基-2-(4-羟基苯基)乙酰基]氨基}-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | amoxicillin | 26889-93-0 | C16H19N3O5S | 365.41 |
—— | 6β-((2Ξ)-4ξ,5ξ-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2r-carbonylamino)-penicillanic acid | 61834-11-5 | C15H22N2O5S | 342.416 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-6-[[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 80784-50-5 | C19H24N2O6S | 408.475 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-6-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-4λ4-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 37880-26-5 | C9H14N2O4S | 246.287 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[[2-[4-[2-[2-[2-(2-undec-10-enoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]acetyl]amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 1415712-96-7 | C35H54N2O9S | 678.888 |
—— | 6β-((R)-2-hydrazino-2-phenyl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid | 54193-11-2 | C16H20N4O4S | 364.425 |
—— | 6β-(furan-2-carbonylamino)-penicillanic acid | 28812-53-5 | C13H14N2O5S | 310.331 |
—— | 6-(4-acetoxybenzamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 1372858-80-4 | C17H18N2O6S | 378.406 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-6-benzylsulfonamido-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C15H18N2O5S2 | 370.45 |
—— | 6-(4-benzoylbenzamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 1372858-73-5 | C22H20N2O5S | 424.477 |
羧苄西林 | carbenicillin | 4697-36-3 | C17H18N2O6S | 378.406 |
—— | 6-α-hydroxypenicillanic acid | 15058-64-7 | C8H11NO4S | 217.246 |
—— | pivaloyloxymethyl 6-β-(methylsulfonamido)penicillinate | 1415712-66-1 | C15H24N2O7S2 | 408.497 |
—— | 6β-[(Ξ)-3-carboxy-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-butyrylamino]-penicillanic acid | 60947-83-3 | C20H24N2O7S | 436.486 |
—— | 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(3-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 1372858-79-1 | C21H25N3O5S | 431.513 |
—— | 6β-(2,2,2-triphenyl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid | 2922-82-9 | C28H26N2O4S | 486.591 |
—— | 6β-((Ξ)-2-amino-2-thiophen-3-yl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid | 551-24-6 | C14H17N3O4S2 | 355.439 |
—— | 6β-[(Ξ)-3-carboxy-4-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-butyrylamino]-penicillanic acid | 60947-84-4 | C21H26N2O7S | 450.513 |
—— | (pivaloyloxy)methyl 6,6-dihydropenicillanate | 69388-85-8 | C14H21NO5S | 315.39 |
—— | 6β-[(Ξ)-3-carboxy-4-(4-propoxy-phenyl)-butyrylamino]-penicillanic acid | 60947-85-5 | C22H28N2O7S | 464.54 |
—— | (2S,5R,6R)-6-(4-bromobenzenesulfonamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C14H15BrN2O5S2 | 435.32 |
—— | 6β-[(Ξ)-3-carboxy-4-(4-isopropoxy-phenyl)-butyrylamino]-penicillanic acid | 60947-86-6 | C22H28N2O7S | 464.54 |
—— | 6β-[(Ξ)-4-(4-butoxy-phenyl)-3-carboxy-butyrylamino]-penicillanic acid | 60947-87-7 | C23H30N2O7S | 478.566 |
—— | 6β-[(Ξ)-3-carboxy-4-(4-isobutoxy-phenyl)-butyrylamino]-penicillanic acid | 60947-88-8 | C23H30N2O7S | 478.566 |
—— | azidocillin | 28357-46-2 | C16H17N5O4S | 375.408 |
—— | 6-(4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 1372858-75-7 | C22H19ClN2O5S | 458.922 |
舒巴坦钠杂质 | (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid sulfone | 36091-15-3 | C8H12N2O5S | 248.26 |
—— | methyl 6β-(triphenylmethylamino)penicillinate | 21027-18-9 | C28H28N2O3S | 472.608 |
—— | (2S,5R,6S)-6-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo-[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid 4,4-dioxide | —— | C8H12N2O5S | 248.26 |