酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | CF3CF2CF2CF2OCH2CF2COF | 824393-38-6 | C7H2F12O2 |
| —— | β-Chlor-β-(chlorsulfenyl)-propionsaeurechlorid | 60712-71-2 | C3H3Cl3OS |
| —— | 3-methoxy-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionyl chloride | 85036-72-2 | C4H3ClF4O2 |
| —— | 4,7,10,13-tetroxapentadecanoyl chloride | 257941-19-8 | C11H21ClO5 |
| —— | α-chloro-γ-bromobutyric acid chloride | 77757-37-0 | C4H5BrCl2O |
| —— | (E)-2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl bromide | 1026870-26-7 | C8H13BrO |
| —— | 2-allyl-2-ethyl-4-pentenoyl chloride | 159225-73-7 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | non-3-enoyl chloride | 1195771-41-5 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | tricosanoyl chloride | 663618-08-4 | C23H45ClO |
| —— | chloropivaloyl fluoride | 23143-80-8 | C5H8ClFO |
| —— | 2-(2-Chlorethoxy)-perfluorpropansaeurechlorid | 85036-50-6 | C5H4Cl2F4O2 |
| —— | 3-Chlorsulfenyl-propionylchlorid | 14274-19-2 | C3H4Cl2OS |
| —— | Azelaoyl-difluorid | 13022-57-6 | C9H14F2O2 |
| —— | Acetylchlorid-d(1) | 90229-77-9 | C2H3ClO |
| —— | 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-3-oxopropan-2-yl)oxyethoxy]propanoyl fluoride | 950484-10-3 | C8F14O4 |
| —— | 2,2,4,4-tetramethylglutaryl dichloride | 58816-26-5 | C9H14Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio)propanoyl chloride | 1477933-50-8 | C6H8ClF3OS |
| —— | Hexacosa-10,12-diynoyl chloride | 75495-25-9 | C26H43ClO |
| —— | 10-Fluordecansaeurechlorid | 1894-02-6 | C10H18ClFO |
| —— | 2,2,4-trimethyl-valeryl chloride | 96188-68-0 | C8H15ClO |
| —— | 2-isopropylidene-5-methyl-cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride | 61900-01-4 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | Dichloro(2-chlorocycloheptyl)acetyl chloride | 83611-21-6 | C9H12Cl4O |
| —— | 2-Chlor-oenanthsaeure-chlorid | 875250-41-2 | C7H12Cl2O |
| —— | 2-(1-Chloro-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)sulfanylcarbothioylsulfanyl-2-methylpropanoyl chloride | 916346-13-9 | C9H12Cl2O2S3 |
| —— | 2-bromo-heptanoyl chloride | 394213-16-2 | C7H12BrClO |
| —— | 5-Chloroperfluoropentanoyl fluoride | 261503-68-8 | C5ClF9O |
| —— | 3-Pentenoyl chloride, (Z)- | 123700-03-8 | C5H7ClO |
| —— | (Z)-hexadec-11-enoyl Fluoride | 100278-86-2 | C16H29FO |
| —— | chlorue de difluoro-2,2,-perchloropropanoyle | 134858-92-7 | C3Cl4F2O |
| —— | 4-Chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorobutanoyl chloride | 111835-69-9 | C4Cl2F6O |
| —— | 3-(2-methoxyethyloxy)propionyl chloride | 62593-46-8 | C6H11ClO3 |
| —— | 2-Butyldecanoyl chloride | 77748-03-9 | C14H27ClO |
| —— | 2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,8,8-Undecafluor-3,5,7,8-tetrachlor-octansaeurechlorid | 647-14-3 | C8Cl5F11O |
| —— | methyl 3,3-dimethylpentanoyl chloride | 934270-79-8 | C8H15ClO |
| —— | 2,2,3-Trifluor-dichlor-propionylchlorid | 13045-20-0 | C3Cl3F3O |
| —— | α-Chlormethylbutyrylchlorid | 23228-10-6 | C5H8Cl2O |
| —— | 3-Chloro-2-methylbutanoyl chloride | 90631-67-7 | C5H8Cl2O |
| —— | 2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl chloride | 66880-78-2 | C30H59ClO |
| —— | trans-2-Methyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 13064-92-1 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | (R)-4-chloro-3-fluoromethyl-butyryl chloride | 916069-88-0 | C5H7Cl2FO |
| —— | 2,2-difluorobutyryl chloride | 1259371-25-9 | C4H5ClF2O |
| —— | trans-4-(trans-4'-propyl cyclohexyl)-cyclohexane carboxylic acid chloride | 83860-52-0 | C16H27ClO |
| —— | 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxahexadecanoic acid chloride | 75427-77-9 | C11H21ClO6 |
| —— | (R)-2-bromobutanoic acid chloride | 52079-97-7 | C4H6BrClO |
| —— | 2-Fluor-valerylchlorid | 13031-16-8 | C5H8ClFO |
| —— | 3-ethyl-valeryl chloride | 50599-74-1 | C7H13ClO |
| —— | 11-trichlorosilanyl-undecanoyl chloride | 17962-73-1 | C11H20Cl4OSi |
| —— | 5-bromohexanoyl chloride | 41339-28-0 | C6H10BrClO |
| —— | 3-methyl-2-butenoyl fluoride | 55600-69-6 | C5H7FO |
| —— | undec-9-enoyl chloride | 202737-61-9 | C11H19ClO |