酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Dodec-2-enoyl chloride | 112767-08-5 | C12H21ClO |
| —— | Octadec-12-enoyl chloride | 114177-01-4 | C18H33ClO |
| —— | 4-(Octyloxy)cyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 116044-19-0 | C15H27ClO2 |
| —— | 13,13,13-Trichloro-2,12,12-trimethyltridecanoyl chloride | 138579-59-6 | C16H28Cl4O |
| —— | 7,7,7-Trifluoroheptanoyl chloride | 138690-33-2 | C7H10ClF3O |
| —— | 3,6,9,12,15-Pentaoxaheptacosan-1-oyl chloride | 143244-55-7 | C22H43ClO6 |
| —— | 4-Bromo-4-methylpent-2-enoyl chloride | 144139-18-4 | C6H8BrClO |
| —— | (2-Hydroxyethoxy)acetyl chloride | 144429-87-8 | C4H7ClO3 |
| —— | (2R)-2-Methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl chloride | 189043-51-4 | C4H7ClOS |
| —— | 10-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoropentyl)octacosanoyl chloride | 185033-98-1 | C33H56ClF9O |
| —— | 7-Cyclohexylhepta-2,4,6-trienoyl chloride | 175552-86-0 | C13H17ClO |
| —— | 6,6,7,7,7-Pentafluoroheptanoyl chloride | 177352-63-5 | C7H8ClF5O |
| —— | 3-Oxoprop-2-enoyl fluoride | 202472-06-8 | C3HFO2 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-3,4-dimethylpent-3-enoyl chloride | 51631-28-8 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | (E)-2,7-Dipropyl-oct-4-enedioyl dichloride | 67546-71-8 | C14H22Cl2O2 |
| —— | (E)-2,7-Diethyl-oct-4-enedioyl dichloride | 67546-70-7 | C12H18Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-Hexylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride;octanoyl chloride | 66427-16-5 | C21H36Cl2O2 |
| —— | (2-{2-[(Propan-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy}ethoxy)acetyl chloride | 64378-83-2 | C9H17ClO4 |
| —— | 3-Oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-enoyl bromide | 62935-56-2 | C4BrF3O2 |
| —— | Octadeca-10,13,15-trienoyl chloride | 63029-04-9 | C18H29ClO |
| —— | 3-Oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-enoyl chloride | 62935-55-1 | C4ClF3O2 |
| —— | Octahydro-1,6-methanonaphthalene-1(2H)-carbonyl bromide | 63125-20-2 | C12H17BrO |
| —— | 2-Phosphanylacetyl bromide;platinum | 62779-62-8 | C2H4BrOPPt |
| —— | 4-(Heptyloxy)cyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 62722-83-2 | C14H25ClO2 |
| —— | [3-(2,6-Dimethylheptyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-ylidene]acetyl chloride | 62597-26-6 | C16H25ClO |
| —— | 2-Chlorohex-2-enoyl fluoride | 62300-89-4 | C6H8ClFO |
| —— | 2,2-Diethyl-4,6,6-trimethylheptanoyl chloride | 62101-35-3 | C14H27ClO |
| —— | (E)-4-Methyl-tridec-2-enoyl chloride | 61798-12-7 | C14H25ClO |
| —— | 4-Bromo-6,6,6-trichloro-3,3-dimethylhexanoyl chloride | 61898-94-0 | C8H11BrCl4O |
| —— | 2,3-Dibromo-2-(bromomethyl)butanoyl chloride | 61779-92-8 | C5H6Br3ClO |
| —— | 2,3-Dibromo-2-(chloromethyl)butanoyl chloride | 61779-93-9 | C5H6Br2Cl2O |
| —— | Dodec-6-ynedioyl dichloride | 61621-72-5 | C12H16Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2,2,4-Triethyloctanoyl chloride | 60631-36-9 | C14H27ClO |
| —— | 2,2-Diethyldecanoyl chloride | 60631-35-8 | C14H27ClO |
| —— | 2,2-Dipropyloctanoyl chloride | 60631-37-0 | C14H27ClO |
| —— | 3-methyl-hexa-2,4-dienoyl chloride | 72006-12-3 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | 2-Nonylbutanedioyl dichloride | 710948-77-9 | C13H22Cl2O2 |
| —— | (3R)-3-Methylhexanedioyl dichloride | 88342-70-5 | C7H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | (3R)-3,6-dimethylhept-5-enoyl chloride | 845828-76-4 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | 4-Chloro-2-ethylbutanoyl chloride | 88115-30-4 | C6H10Cl2O |
| —— | {[(Prop-1-en-1-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl chloride | 88012-69-5 | C5H6ClNO2 |
| —— | Propanoyl chloride;1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane | 828272-05-5 | C13H29ClN4O |
| —— | 3,3,4,4,4-Pentafluoro-2-methylidenebutanoyl chloride | 824411-01-0 | C5H2ClF5O |
| —— | (2S)-3-Bromo-2-methylpropanoyl chloride | 80573-40-6 | C4H6BrClO |
| —— | 2-Methylhexa-3,5-dienoyl fluoride | 921763-70-4 | C7H9FO |
| —— | 5-Oxopenta-2,3,4-trienoyl chloride | 565228-36-6 | C5HClO2 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)pent-3-enoyl chloride | 51631-91-5 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | (2-Chloroethyl)(3-chloro-3-oxopropyl)oxophosphanium | 2071-63-8 | C5H8Cl2O2P+ |
| —— | (Chloromethyl)(3-chloro-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)oxophosphanium | 20490-83-9 | C5H8Cl2O2P+ |
| —— | (2S)-5-Chloro-2-(propan-2-yl)pent-4-enoyl chloride | 324519-69-9 | C8H12Cl2O |
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