酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | octadec-2E-en-13-yn-1-oic acid chloride | 321838-28-2 | C18H29ClO |
|
| —— | α-Chlor-butyrylbromid | 23836-32-0 | C4H6BrClO |
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| —— | (3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-malonyl dichloride | 5243-78-7 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 3-chloro-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl hypochloro(dithioperoxoite) | 52288-60-5 | C4H6Cl2OS2 |
|
| —— | 2-Methyl-2-<(1R)-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenyl>propansaeure-chlorid | 95760-72-8 | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (+/-)-5-methyldodecanoyl chloride | 849770-41-8 | C13H25ClO |
|
| —— | 52288-62-7 | C4H5Cl3OS2 |
|
|
| —— | 2,15-dichloro-3,3,14,14-tetramethylhexadecane-1,16-dioyl chloride | 110653-48-0 | C20H34Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | (Z)-2,3-dimethylpenta-2,4-dienoyl chloride | 1193304-95-8 | C7H9ClO |
|
| —— | 3-methylpropargylthioacetyl chloride | 74786-43-9 | C6H7ClOS |
|
| —— | 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-trifluoromethyl-ethoxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-propionyl fluoride | 38012-76-9 | C7F14O2 |
|
| —— | 2-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Heptadecafluoro-decyl)-tetradecanoyl chloride | 220075-25-2 | C24H30ClF17O |
|
| —— | 2-Cyclohexyl-3,3-dimethylbutyrylchlorid | 83357-71-5 | C12H21ClO |
|
| —— | α-bromoadipoyl chloride | 42875-52-5 | C6H7BrCl2O2 |
|
| —— | 2-Methylideneheptanoyl chloride | 78450-86-9 | C8H13ClO |
|
| —— | 6-cyclohexyl-hexanoyl chloride | 4354-59-0 | C12H21ClO |
|
| —— | 2-Methyl-2-<(1R)-3-methyl-3-cyclopentenyl>propansaeure-chlorid | 95760-71-7 | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | 1,1,5-trichloro-6-methyl-hept-1-en-4-one | 33802-04-9 | C8H11Cl3O |
|
| —— | (1-Methylcyclopentyl)malonylchlorid | 78775-76-5 | C9H12Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-3-Methyl-cyclopent-1-en-1-carbonsaeure-chlorid | 64229-93-2 | C7H9ClO |
|
| —— | (2E,6Z)-Nona-2,6-dienoyl chloride | 104923-50-4 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | 4-amino butyric acid chloride hydrochloride | 137048-10-3 | C4H8ClNO*ClH |
|
| —— | 2-(((3-chloro-3-oxopropyl)thio)methyl)acryloyl chloride | 1173110-30-9 | C7H8Cl2O2S |
|
| —— | Adamantane-1-carbonyl iodide | 79929-37-6 | C11H15IO |
|
| —— | 143668-95-5 | C12H19ClO |
|
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| —— | 2-Brommethyl-2-butyl-capronsaeure-chlorid | 91354-59-5 | C11H20BrClO |
|
| —— | 2-methyl-3-(methylthio)propanoyl chloride | 1228671-08-6 | C5H9ClOS |
|
| —— | 3-Methyl-3-pentensaeurechlorid | 54716-07-3 | C6H9ClO |
|
| —— | 3-(1-propyl-prop-2-ynyloxy)-propionyl chloride | 98959-28-5 | C9H13ClO2 |
|
| —— | (1S,3R)-1,2,2-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclopentanedicarbonyl dichloride | 15484-08-9 | C10H14Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (Z)-5-iodopent-4-enoyl chloride | 1258379-46-2 | C5H6ClIO |
|
| —— | hexanedioyl-3,3,4,4-d4 dichloride | 115797-57-4 | C6H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 6-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-hept-5-en-2-one | 73336-15-9 | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | [1-<sup>13</sup>C]-n-octanoic chloride | 59669-12-4 | C8H15ClO |
|
| —— | Bicyclo<3,3,1>nonan-1-carbonsaeurechlorid | 28438-18-8 | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | 3-Hexyl-nonanoyl chloride | 80256-61-7 | C15H29ClO |
|
| —— | (E)-4,4-Dimethyl-hexa-2,5-dienoyl chloride | 110824-19-6 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 4-Methylbicyclo <2.2.2> octan-1-carbonsaeurechlorid | 22094-07-1 | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (S)-2-Ethyl-2-methyl-pentanedioyl dichloride | 109826-73-5 | C8H12Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | octylthioglycolic acid chloride | 35928-62-2 | C10H19ClOS |
|
| —— | 2-tert-butylpentanoyl chloride | 80071-60-9 | C9H17ClO |
|
| —— | 2-(2-Methyl-allylsulfanyl)-propionyl chloride | 53234-75-6 | C7H11ClOS |
|
| —— | 1,8-Dicarbamoyl-4,5-dichlor-dodecafluor-octen-(4) | 13829-05-5 | C10H4Cl2F12N2O2 |
|
| —— | 2-methyl-3-pentenoic acid chloride | 54716-05-1 | C6H9ClO |
|
| —— | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluorooctanedioyl chloride | 20996-68-3 | C8H4Cl2F8O2 |
|
| —— | 4,6-Dimethyl-(E,E)-2,4-heptadienoylchlorid | 67513-48-8 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | 2-Methyl-hept-6-enoyl chloride | 935474-12-7 | C8H13ClO |
|
| —— | α-chlorocamphoric acid dichloride | 87859-83-4 | C10H13Cl3O2 |
|
| —— | 2-(3,3-dimethylallylthio)propionyl chloride | 53234-76-7 | C8H13ClOS |
|
| —— | 3-(1-ethyl-prop-2-ynyloxy)-propionyl chloride | 98592-81-5 | C8H11ClO2 |
|
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