酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-(tert-butyl)-2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,7,7,8,8-dodecamethylnon-1-ene | 1265131-67-6 | C8F16O |
| —— | 2,2-difluorobutanedioyl difluoride | 102526-09-0 | C4H2F4O2 |
| —— | 4-hexylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 67589-91-7 | C13H23ClO |
| —— | 8-thianonyl chloride | 117952-78-0 | C8H15ClOS |
| —— | meso-2,3-Dimethylsuccinylchlorid | 64725-48-0 | C6H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | decahydro-(1α,4aα,8aα)-naphthalene-1-carbonyl chloride | 123540-78-3 | C11H17ClO |
| —— | 2-pentyl-nonanoyl chloride | 856578-09-1 | C14H27ClO |
| —— | trans-4a-decahydronaphthalenecarbonyl chloride | 3021-76-9 | C11H17ClO |
| —— | 2-<i>tert</i>-butyl-hexanoyl chloride | 99175-08-3 | C10H19ClO |
| —— | (E)-3-methyl-pent-3-enoyl chloride | 60359-79-7 | C6H9ClO |
| —— | 4,4'-diselenobisbutyric acid chloride | 349487-43-0 | C8H12Cl2O2Se2 |
| —— | perfluoro-2-pentenoic acid fluoride | 134330-87-3 | C5F8O |
| —— | Carboxymethyl-oxybernsteinsaeuretrichlorid | 67810-79-1 | C6H5Cl3O4 |
| —— | Cyclohepten-(2)-yl-(1)-essigsaeurechlorid | 102450-35-1 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutanoyl fluoride | 102526-08-9 | C4H2F6O |
| —— | (S,E)-3-ethylhept-4-enoyl chloride | 1246510-15-5 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | 2,2-Dicyclopropylacetyl chloride | 54167-13-4 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | 82754-23-2 | C7H10ClFO | |
| —— | 1-Methyl-cycloundecanecarbonyl chloride | 35665-03-3 | C13H23ClO |
| —— | 2-bromopent-4-enoyl chloride | 866807-55-8 | C5H6BrClO |
| —— | 9,10-(Carboxymethano)-9-octadecenoinsaeurechlorid | 28980-50-9 | C20H32Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-propionyl chloride | 854428-18-5 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | pentyl-malonyl bromide | 117123-40-7 | C8H12Br2O2 |
| —— | 35665-02-2 | C12H21ClO | |
| —— | β-Chlor-α-(β-chlorethylthio)-isobuttersaeurechlorid | 34880-20-1 | C6H9Cl3OS |
| —— | fluorocarbonylsulfurpentafluoride | 19421-19-3 | CF6OS |
| —— | trans-4-n-butylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid chloride | 67589-89-3 | C11H19ClO |
| —— | 1-Methyl-cyclooctanecarbonyl chloride | 35665-00-0 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 3-Brom-2,2-dipropyl-butyrylchlorid | 25744-82-5 | C10H18BrClO |
| —— | 1-Methylcyclododecane-1-carbonyl chloride | 35665-04-4 | C14H25ClO |
| —— | 4-hexylbicyclo(2.2.2)octane-1-carboxylic acid chloride | 73152-74-6 | C15H25ClO |
| —— | 4,4,4-Trichlor-2-methylbutyrylchlorid | 20145-60-2 | C5H6Cl4O |
| —— | 2,9-dichloro-nonanoyl chloride | 99062-20-1 | C9H15Cl3O |
| —— | (E)-2-methyl-2,6-heptadienoyl chloride | 104643-24-5 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | 4-butylbicyclo(2.2.2)octane-1-carboxylic acid chloride | 73152-72-4 | C13H21ClO |
| —— | 1591946-68-7 | C11H13ClO | |
| —— | 2,3-Dichlor-2-trichlorphosphoranylidenamino-butyrylchlorid | 919-06-2 | C4H4Cl6NOP |
| —— | Me(CH2)3SCH2CH2C(O)Cl | 54654-09-0 | C7H13ClOS |
| —— | 10-cis-heptadecenoyl chloride | 126761-39-5 | C17H31ClO |
| —— | 2-fluoro-3-phenylbut-2-enoyl fluoride | 55305-80-1 | C8H10F2O |
| —— | 2-methylenehex-5-enoyl chloride | 1147524-26-2 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | fluorure d'acide dithio-3,3' dipropionique | 110230-28-9 | C6H8F2O2S2 |
| —— | 1-Methyl-cyclononanecarbonyl chloride | 35665-01-1 | C11H19ClO |
| —— | 1,1,1-Trifluor-9-fluorformyl-nonan | 1543-92-6 | C10H16F4O |
| —— | 2-(1-Ethoxyethyl)-pentanoylchlorid | 65679-69-8 | C9H17ClO2 |
| —— | 4,4,4-Trichlor-2,3-dimethylbutyrylchlorid | 20518-71-2 | C6H8Cl4O |
| —— | (+/-)-2-[18F]fluoropropionic acid chloride | 114435-84-6 | C3H4ClFO |
| —— | 5-methylhex-2-enoyl chloride | 81530-29-2 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | 5-(F-octyl)-pentanoyl chloride | 137204-58-1 | C13H8ClF17O |
| —— | cis-12-Chlor-octadec-9-ensaeure-chlorid | 14368-51-5 | C18H32Cl2O |