酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Brom-3-methyl-4-oxo-2-isopropyl-pentanimidat | 55106-55-3 | C9H16BrNO2 |
| —— | (Z)-Octadec-9-enedioyl dichloride | 41194-37-0 | C18H30Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dibromo-2-methylpropionyl chloride | 53089-03-5 | C4H5Br2ClO |
| —— | Perfluorooctanoyl bromide | 222037-87-8 | C8BrF15O |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2-fluoro-3-methylpentanoic acid chloride | 184683-38-3 | C6H10ClFO |
| —— | Difluoro-[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-{1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-pentafluoroethyloxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl fluoride | 27617-19-2 | C14F28O7 |
| —— | 3-bromo-1-adamantaneacetic chloride | 50741-90-7 | C12H16BrClO |
| —— | Bicyclo<2.2.1>hepta-2,5-dien-2,3-dicarbonyldichlorid | 81378-07-6 | C9H6Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-Propyl-9,9-dichlor-8-nonenoylchlorid | 24474-76-8 | C12H19Cl3O |
| —— | 5,5-Dichloro-2-propyl-pent-4-enoyl chloride | 23139-95-9 | C8H11Cl3O |
| —— | Perfluorohexanoyl bromide | 1404193-66-3 | C6BrF11O |
| —— | (R,S)-3-(bromomethyl)hexanoyl chloride | 2650518-19-5 | C7H12BrClO |
| —— | perfluoro(5-cyano-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoyl) fluoride | 54675-69-3 | C7F11NO2 |
| —— | 2-(3,3-Dichloro-allyl)-hexanoyl chloride | 23139-96-0 | C9H13Cl3O |
| —— | 4-chloro-4-methyl-valeryl chloride | 72183-49-4 | C6H10Cl2O |
| —— | undec-10-ynoyl chloride | 57835-78-6 | C11H17ClO |
| —— | Perfluorheptan-1.7-dicarbonsaeuredichlorid | 608088-27-3 | C9Cl2F14O2 |
| —— | 2-(bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)propenoyl chloride | 948896-67-1 | C9H11ClO |
| —— | heptyloxy-acetyl chloride | 860580-85-4 | C9H17ClO2 |
| —— | Cyclopentyl-n-propylacetyl chloride | 73331-32-5 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | non-4-ynoyl chloride | 131429-58-8 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | isopropylsulfanyl-acetyl chloride | 35949-06-5 | C5H9ClOS |
| —— | (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)acetic acid chloride | 402939-69-9 | C5H5ClF4O2 |
| —— | (Z)-non-6-enoic acid chloride | 103563-28-6 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | 2-<<1-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl>thio>-4-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-1-pentene-1,3-dione | 75790-42-0 | C9F14O2S |
| —— | 3-cyanoperfluorobutyryl chloride | 15622-73-8 | C5ClF6NO |
| —— | 3,3,4,4,4-pentachlorobutanoyl chloride | 484067-67-6 | C4H2Cl6O |
| —— | 2-Fluoro-propanedioyl difluoride | 77946-94-2 | C3HF3O2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-3,4,4-trichloro-3-butenoyl chloride | 913966-90-2 | C4HBrCl4O |
| —— | α-Ethyl-δ-bromvaleriansaeurechlorid | 94239-16-4 | C7H12BrClO |
| —— | 3-pentoxypropanoyl chloride | 114953-18-3 | C8H15ClO2 |
| —— | sulfinyl difluoride trifluoroacetylimide | 56697-78-0 | C2F5NO2S |
| —— | 4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 58752-86-6 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | E-non-2-en-4-ynoyl chloride | 74177-22-3 | C9H11ClO |
| —— | 2-n-heptylnonanoyl chloride | 408539-21-9 | C16H31ClO |
| —— | 2,2'-((2R,3R)-butane-2,3-diylbis(oxy))diacetyl chloride | 58774-54-2 | C8H12Cl2O4 |
| —— | 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoyl chloride | 85916-97-8 | C20H29ClO |
| —— | [(1-Chloro-2-fluoro-2-oxoethylidene)amino] thiohypochlorite | 87145-67-3 | C2Cl2FNOS |
| —— | 8-cyano-octanoyl chloride | 412021-01-3 | C9H14ClNO |
| —— | 2-Bromnonanoyldichlorid | 42875-55-8 | C9H13BrCl2O2 |
| —— | α-chloroazelaoyl chloride | 42875-56-9 | C9H13Cl3O2 |
| —— | tricosafluoro-dodecanoyl fluoride | —— | C12F24O |
| —— | 2,2,3-trichloro-butyryl chloride | —— | C4H4Cl4O |
| —— | 8-[18F]fluorooctanoyl chloride | —— | C8H14ClFO |
| —— | 2-methyl-2-propylvaleryl chloride | —— | C9H17ClO |
| —— | 3-Aminobuttersaeurechlorid | —— | C4H8ClNO |
| —— | (+/-)-<i>trans</i>-2-methyl-cyclopentane-carboxylic acid-(1)-chloride | —— | C7H11ClO |
| —— | 2,2,4,8,10,10-hexamethyl-5-dodecanoyl chloride | —— | C18H35ClO |
| —— | 2-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
| —— | 2-decyltetradecanoyl chloride | —— | C24H47ClO |