摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机卤素化合物 酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。

    1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。

    2. 化学性质

    • 水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]

    • 亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]

    3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。

    • 药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。

    • 合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。

    总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S)-2-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1S)-2-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2R)-2-chlorocyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C5H6Cl2O
    (1S,2R)-2-chlorocyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2S,3S)-3-propan-2-ylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carbonyl chloride —— C12H19ClO
    (2S,3S)-3-propan-2-ylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2S)-2-methylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1S,2S)-2-methylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C8H9ClO
    (1R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R)-2-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1R)-2-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R,2S)-2-methylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1R,2S)-2-methylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S)-1-methyl-2-methylidenecyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1S)-1-methyl-2-methylidenecyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C8H7ClO
    (1R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C9H9ClO
    (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R,5S)-3-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carbonyl chloride —— C12H19ClO
    (1R,5S)-3-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2R,3R)-3-Isopropyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carbonyl chloride —— C12H19ClO
    (2R,3R)-3-Isopropyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R)-1-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1R)-1-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R)-1,2-dimethylcyclopent-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1R)-1,2-dimethylcyclopent-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S)-1,3-dimethylcyclopent-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1S)-1,3-dimethylcyclopent-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C8H9ClO
    (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2S)-2,4-dimethylcyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1S,2S)-2,4-dimethylcyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R)-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H9ClO
    (1R)-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— 2-n-butyl-2-cyclopropene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    2-n-butyl-2-cyclopropene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2S)-2-chlorocyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C5H6Cl2O
    (1S,2S)-2-chlorocyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2R)-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl fluoride —— C9H15FO
    (1S,2R)-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl fluoride
    —— (1R,5R)-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (1R,5R)-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C8H7ClO
    (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2,5,5-trimethylheptanoyl chloride —— C10H19ClO
    (2S)-2,5,5-trimethylheptanoyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2-bromopentanoyl chloride —— C5H8BrClO
    (2R)-2-bromopentanoyl chloride
    —— (6S)-6-methylcyclohexene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (6S)-6-methylcyclohexene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methylbutanoyl chloride —— C5H6ClF3O
    (2S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methylbutanoyl chloride
    —— (2R)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methylbutanoyl chloride —— C5H6ClF3O
    (2R)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methylbutanoyl chloride
    —— (1S)-4-pentylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C12H19ClO
    (1S)-4-pentylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl chloride —— C3HClF4O
    (2S)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl chloride
    —— (1R)-4-pentylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C12H19ClO
    (1R)-4-pentylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2,4,4,4-tetrachlorobutanoyl chloride —— C4H3Cl5O
    (2R)-2,4,4,4-tetrachlorobutanoyl chloride
    —— 3-[(3-Carbonochloridoyl-1-adamantyl)-chlorophosphoryl]adamantane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C22H28Cl3O3P
    3-[(3-Carbonochloridoyl-1-adamantyl)-chlorophosphoryl]adamantane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (6Z,9E,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl chloride —— C18H29ClO
    (6Z,9E,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl chloride
    —— (1S)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C6H5ClF4O
    (1S)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2-bromobutanoyl chloride —— C4H6BrClO
    (2S)-2-bromobutanoyl chloride
    —— (1R)-3,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C9H13ClO
    (1R)-3,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-3-methylbutanoyl bromide —— C5H8Br2O
    (2R)-2-bromo-3-methylbutanoyl bromide
    —— (311C)propanoyl chloride —— C3H5ClO
    (311C)propanoyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl chloride —— C8H15ClO
    (2S)-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl chloride
    —— (1S,2S,3R,4R)-2,3-dichlorobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-5-carbonyl chloride —— C7H7Cl3O
    (1S,2S,3R,4R)-2,3-dichlorobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-5-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2R,3S,4R)-2,3-dichlorobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-5-carbonyl chloride —— C7H7Cl3O
    (1S,2R,3S,4R)-2,3-dichlorobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-5-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2-bromohexanoyl bromide —— C6H10Br2O
    (2S)-2-bromohexanoyl bromide
    —— (2R)-2,4-dibromobutanoyl chloride —— C4H5Br2ClO
    (2R)-2,4-dibromobutanoyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2,3-dichloropropanoyl chloride —— C3H3Cl3O
    (2S)-2,3-dichloropropanoyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-3-methylbutanoyl bromide —— C5H8Br2O
    (2S)-2-bromo-3-methylbutanoyl bromide
    —— (1R)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C6H5ClF4O
    (1R)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2,4-dibromobutanoyl chloride —— C4H5Br2ClO
    (2S)-2,4-dibromobutanoyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2-bromohexanoyl bromide —— C6H10Br2O
    (2R)-2-bromohexanoyl bromide
    —— (2R)-2,3-dichloropropanoyl chloride —— C3H3Cl3O
    (2R)-2,3-dichloropropanoyl chloride