酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 9H-Perfluorononanoyl bromide | 1404194-04-2 | C9HBrF16O |
| —— | (S)-2-Methylbutyric Acid Chloride-d3 | 1217722-29-6 | C5H9ClO |
| —— | Triacontanedioyl dichloride | 224036-22-0 | C30H56Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-[3-(3-Chloro-3-oxopropoxy)-2,2-dimethylpropoxy]propanoyl chloride | 69844-43-5 | C11H18Cl2O4 |
| —— | octadeca-9<i>t</i>,11<i>t</i>-dienoyl chloride | 903581-73-7 | C18H31ClO |
| —— | trans-11-(F-octyl)-10-undecen-1-oyl chloride | 145950-00-1 | C19H18ClF17O |
| —— | (10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z,22Z)-pentacosa-10,13,16,19,22-pentaenoyl chloride | 690223-84-8 | C25H39ClO |
| —— | Dioctylmalonyl Dichloride | 318960-59-7 | C19H34Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2,2-Didodecyl-propanedioyl dichloride | 174752-52-4 | C27H50Cl2O2 |
| —— | α-chloro-α-(methylthio)-acetyl chloride | 79388-13-9 | C3H4Cl2OS |
| —— | cyclopentane-1,3-dicarbonyl dichloride | 21485-74-5 | C7H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | (E)-6-chloro-2-hexenoyl chloride | 107408-77-5 | C6H8Cl2O |
| —— | γ-(trimethylsilyl)butyroyl chloride | 18301-73-0 | C7H15ClOSi |
| —— | 3-Fluoropropanoyl chloride | 503-62-8 | C3H4ClFO |
| —— | hex-4<i>c</i>-enoyl chloride | 58029-29-1 | C6H9ClO |
| —— | (2E,6E)-octa-2,6-dienoyl chloride | 1071021-19-6 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride | 84976-68-1 | C15H25ClO |
| —— | 2-bromo-nonanoyl chloride | 394213-17-3 | C9H16BrClO |
| —— | 2-Chlorpelargoylchlorid | 81593-24-0 | C9H16Cl2O |
| —— | 5-bromo-4,4,5,5-tetrafluoropentanoyl chloride | 1375158-41-0 | C5H4BrClF4O |
| —— | Nonadec-10-enoyl chloride | 95548-27-9 | C19H35ClO |
| —— | (E)-3-(2-bromocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)acryloyl fluoride | 1279102-41-8 | C9H10BrFO |
| —— | 3-bromo-2,2-difluoropropanoyl chloride | 61444-65-3 | C3H2BrClF2O |
| —— | hex-5-ynoyl fluoride | 922496-02-4 | C6H7FO |
| —— | (2Z,4Z)-hepta-2,4-dienoyl chloride | 356548-42-0 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-2-methylidenebutanoyl chloride | 824411-00-9 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | 3-[1-(1,2-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl chloride | 1027986-74-8 | C8Cl3F13O3 |
| —— | 13-Bromtridecanoylchlorid | 61657-98-5 | C13H24BrClO |
| —— | 13-chloro-tridecanoyl chloride | 15462-18-7 | C13H24Cl2O |
| —— | chloro-succinyl chloride | 44808-38-0 | C4H3Cl3O2 |
| —— | perfluorooxydiacetyl chloride | 21297-62-1 | C4Cl2F4O3 |
| —— | (ethylsulfanyl)acetyl fluoride | 359794-76-6 | C4H7FOS |
| —— | β-chloro-isovaleryl chloride | 78584-28-8 | C5H8Cl2O |
| —— | 2-bromoadamantaneacetyl chloride | 98398-65-3 | C12H16BrClO |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-chloro-butyryl chloride | 77215-04-4 | C6H10Cl2O |
| —— | 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-propionyl chloride | 662-18-0 | C4BrClF6O |
| —— | 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methyl-2-trifluoromethyl-propionyl chloride | 13027-24-2 | C5H3ClF6O |
| —— | α-Brom-hexafluor-isobutyrylfluorid | 677-80-5 | C4BrF7O |
| —— | 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methylbutanoyl chloride | 121320-45-4 | C5H6ClF3O |
| —— | monomethyl adipic mono acid chloride | 51134-99-7 | C7H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | chlorure de diisopropyl-2,2 methyl-3 butanoyle | 35494-82-7 | C11H21ClO |
| —— | 3-(chloro-vinyl-phosphinoyl)-propionyl chloride | 38056-66-5 | C5H7Cl2O2P |
| —— | pentafluorosulfurdifluoroacetylfluoride | 354-66-5 | C2F8OS |
| —— | 2-Methylpimelic acid chloride | 53367-58-1 | C8H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | (E)-hept-4-enoyl chloride | 879124-50-2 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | ethyl adipoyl chloride | 108250-01-7 | C8H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2,2-diethyl-5-chlorovaleric acid chloride | 1356660-81-5 | C9H16Cl2O |
| —— | 1-bromocyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride | 70339-23-0 | C5H6BrClO |
| —— | cyclobutylcarboxylic acid fluoride | 10412-81-4 | C5H7FO |
| —— | 2,2,3,3,4,5,5-heptafluoro-adipoyl chloride | 866-27-3 | C6HCl2F7O2 |