酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-(cyclopent-1-enyl)propionyl chloride | 51631-76-6 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | 1,3-Di-H-pentachlor-penten-5-saeure | 89167-57-7 | C5H3Cl5O2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-5-chloropentanoic acid chloride | 31210-96-5 | C5H7BrCl2O |
| —— | N-[2-Bromo-1,2,2-trifluoro-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-2-chloro-2,2-difluoro-acetamide | 135041-72-4 | C4BrClF5NO |
| —— | 1-d3-methyl-cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride | 1163707-64-9 | C6H9ClO |
| —— | 3,3,9,9-tetramethyl-undecanedioyl dichloride | 25570-17-6 | C15H26Cl2O2 |
| —— | 8-(1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-3-octyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-octanoyl chloride | 38460-96-7 | C23H33Cl7O |
| —— | N-<1,1,2-Trichlor-2-chlorcarbonyl-pentyl>-phosphonimidsaeure-trichlorid | 4321-81-7 | C6H7Cl7NOP |
| —— | 2-Chlor-2-methylcyclohexyl-1-methylcyclohexylketon | 35702-12-6 | C15H25ClO |
| —— | 5-Hexyl-undecanoyl chloride | 80256-70-8 | C17H33ClO |
| —— | (2R,3R)-2,3-diethoxybutanedioyl dichloride | 123555-86-2 | C8H12Cl2O4 |
| —— | trans-1,3,5-cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid chloride | 206647-40-7 | C9H9Cl3O3 |
| —— | (2S)-2,5-dimethylhex-4-enoyl chloride | 405872-63-1 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | 3-cyclohexylthio-1-propionyl chloride | 434340-46-2 | C9H15ClOS |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-hexenoyl chloride | 1217887-70-1 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | 2-Spiro[5.5]undecan-3-ylacetyl chloride | 38515-87-6 | C13H21ClO |
| —— | 2,6-dibromoheptanedioyl dichloride | 408320-48-9 | C7H8Br2Cl2O2 |
| —— | 7-Brom-5-methyl-heptansaeurechlorid | 90673-07-7 | C8H14BrClO |
| —— | Tetrahydrofuran-diessigsaeure-(2,5)-dichlorid | 90086-11-6 | C8H10Cl2O3 |
| —— | 2-propylpentanoyl fluoride | 1251445-51-8 | C8H15FO |
| —— | Acetyl chloride; compound with GENERIC INORGANIC NEUTRAL COMPONENT | 97098-23-2 | C2H3ClO*ClI |
| —— | Pentanedioyl diiodide | 81721-93-9 | C5H6I2O2 |
| —— | <i>sec</i>-butyl-malonyl chloride | 98334-05-5 | C7H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-Methylen-4,4-dimethyl-pentan-carbonsaeure-(1)-chlorid | 90722-31-9 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | 6,6-dichloro-4-dibromomethylene-hexa-2,5-dienoyl chloride | 53394-04-0 | C7H3Br2Cl3O |
| —— | α-Butylcrotonsaeurechlorid | 98559-70-7 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | 3-Methyl-3-neopentyl-acrylsaeurechlorid | 68077-51-0 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | 2-methyl-3-(tripropylgermyl)propionyl chloride | 85273-12-7 | C13H27ClGeO |
| —— | 2-hexylsuccinyl chloride | 147673-11-8 | C10H16Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dibromo-propionyl bromide | 110593-07-2 | C3H3Br3O |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-7-octinoylchlorid | 60188-13-8 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | 2-methylenepent-4-enoyl chloride | 1186073-74-4 | C6H7ClO |
| —— | 2-chloro-2-methyl-3-(methyltrisulfaneyl)propanoyl chloride | 58412-75-2 | C5H8Cl2OS3 |
| —— | 3-(methyltrisulfaneyl)butanoyl chloride | 58412-74-1 | C5H9ClOS3 |
| —— | 1-Chlor-4.5-chlorcarbonylmethano-4-decen | 24471-26-9 | C12H18Cl2O |
| —— | 2,5-dimethyl-hex-4-enoyl chloride | 861323-21-9 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid fluoride | 625443-01-8 | C25H41FO |
| —— | tert-butylphosphanylformyl chloride | 87274-66-6 | C5H10ClOP |
| —— | 2-Ethoxy-tetrafluorpropionsaeurechlorid | 85036-44-8 | C5H5ClF4O2 |
| —— | 2-Iodooctanoyl chloride | 1202258-61-4 | C8H14ClIO |
| —— | 2-Prop-1-en-2-ylhept-6-enoyl chloride | 113404-86-7 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | 11-Hexylsulfanyl-undecanoyl chloride | 147071-31-6 | C17H33ClOS |
| —— | 3-Fluor-propionylfluorid | 461-54-1 | C3H4F2O |
| —— | α-Iod-hexansaeurechlorid | 54468-31-4 | C6H10ClIO |
| —— | 2-iodo-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl chloride | 1035948-79-8 | C6H10ClIO |
| —— | 1,3-dibromo-2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid chloride | 77337-81-6 | C7H8Br2Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-ethoxymethyl-butyryl chloride | 854871-16-2 | C7H13ClO2 |
| —— | 3,3-bis(difluoramino)butyryl chloride | 37443-10-0 | C4H5ClF4N2O |
| —— | CF3CF2CF2OCH2CF2COF | 136642-92-7 | C6H2F10O2 |
| —— | 2,6-Dimethyl-heptan-carbonsaeure-(5)-chlorid | 91138-92-0 | C10H19ClO |