酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1R,5S,6R)-bicyclo[3.2.2]non-8-ene-6-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,4R)-3,3-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2R,3R,5R,6R)-3-fluorotricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]non-7-ene-3-carbonyl fluoride | —— | C10H10F2O |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,3R,5R,6S)-3-fluorotricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]non-7-ene-3-carbonyl fluoride | —— | C10H10F2O |
|
| —— | (1R,2R,3S,4R)-3-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H10ClNO |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,3S,4S)-3-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H10ClNO |
|
| —— | (1S,5R)-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,3R,4R)-3-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,5S)-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2R,3S,5R,6R)-tricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]non-7-ene-3-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,4S)-3,3-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,4R)-2-fluorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl fluoride | —— | C8H8F2O |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,4R)-2-fluorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl fluoride | —— | C8H8F2O |
|
| —— | (1R,4S)-5,5-dimethylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-7-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,5R)-3-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H19ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,4R)-5,5-dimethylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,5S)-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-6-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,5R)-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-6-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H7ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,5S)-3-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H19ClO |
|
| —— | (1R)-2-octylcycloprop-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H19ClO |
|
| —— | (E)-3-[(1R,4S)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4-methylcyclobutyl]prop-2-enoyl chloride | —— | C8H7ClF4O |
|
| —— | (Z)-3-[(1R,4S)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4-methylcyclobutyl]prop-2-enoyl chloride | —— | C8H7ClF4O |
|
| —— | (E)-3-[(1R,4R)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4-methylcyclobutyl]prop-2-enoyl chloride | —— | C8H7ClF4O |
|
| —— | (Z)-3-[(1R,4R)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4-methylcyclobutyl]prop-2-enoyl chloride | —— | C8H7ClF4O |
|
| —— | (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyladamantane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C13H19ClO |
|
| —— | (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyladamantane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C13H19ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,3R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride | —— | C9H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride | —— | C9H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (1R,4R,7S,8S)-tricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undecane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,4R,7S,8R)-tricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undecane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,4S,7S,8S)-tricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undecane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | (2R)-2,4-dibromobutanoyl bromide | —— | C4H5Br3O |
|
| —— | (2S)-2,4-dibromobutanoyl bromide | —— | C4H5Br3O |
|
| —— | (1R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | 3-[chloro(methyl)phosphoryl]propanoyl chloride | —— | C4H7Cl2O2P |
|
| —— | (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | 3-[chloro(methyl)phosphoryl]propanoyl chloride | —— | C4H7Cl2O2P |
|
| —— | (2S,5S)-2,5-dibromohexanedioyl dichloride | —— | C6H6Br2Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-4-[(2R)-1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-3-oxopropan-2-yl]oxybutanoyl fluoride | —— | C7F12O3 |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-4-[(2S)-1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-3-oxopropan-2-yl]oxybutanoyl fluoride | —— | C7F12O3 |
|
| —— | (3R)-3,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentanoyl fluoride | —— | C6H3F9O |
|
| —— | (3S)-3,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentanoyl fluoride | —— | C6H3F9O |
|
| —— | (2R)-2-ethylbutanedioyl dichloride | —— | C6H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (1R,5R)-tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonane-3-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
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