酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | docos-13-ynoyl chloride | 60010-37-9 | C22H39ClO |
| —— | hepta-4,6-dienoyl chloride | 73501-18-5 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | 1-Chloromethyl-cyclohex-3-enecarbonyl chloride | 25255-57-6 | C8H10Cl2O |
| —— | {2-[2-(2-Chlorocarbonylmethoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetyl chloride | 82344-13-6 | C10H16Cl2O6 |
| —— | Monodeuterio-acetylchlorid-Cl<sup>35</sup> | 90229-78-0 | C2H3ClO |
| —— | <2-<sup>14</sup>C>-Butyrylchlorid | 89303-84-4 | C4H7ClO |
| —— | 3-<i>tert</i>-butylsulfanyl-propionyl chloride | 89693-17-4 | C7H13ClOS |
| —— | 2-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctoxy)acetyl chloride | 147011-36-7 | C10H6ClF13O2 |
| —— | 2-Ethoxybutanoyl chloride | 61882-32-4 | C6H11ClO2 |
| —— | 3-Cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl-propionyl chloride | 171894-86-3 | C9H11ClO |
| —— | (1,2-hexadecanediyldioxy)diacetic acid | 60742-68-9 | C20H36Cl2O4 |
| —— | 1,1,3,5,5-pentachloro-pent-4-en-2-one | 15679-06-8 | C5H3Cl5O |
| —— | 2-Prop-2-ynyl-pent-4-enoyl chloride | 299967-00-3 | C8H9ClO |
| —— | 2-(5'-Hexenyl)-2-butenoyl chloride | 132156-69-5 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | triaconta-10,12-diynoyl chloride | 175405-39-7 | C30H51ClO |
| —— | (3,5,7-Tris-chlorocarbonylmethyl-adamantan-1-yl)-acetyl chloride | 108613-34-9 | C18H20Cl4O4 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-pelargonsaeure-chlorid | 17701-33-6 | C11H21ClO |
| —— | (+-)-bicyclo[3.2.2]non-8-ene-6endo,7exo-dicarbonyl chloride | 99860-68-1 | C11H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 4-[(7-methoxyheptyl)oxy]butanoyl chloride | 187886-55-1 | C12H23ClO3 |
| —— | 2,4-dibromoglutaryl dibromide | 25600-05-9 | C5H4Br4O2 |
| —— | β,β-Difluorglutamyldichlorid | 41131-18-4 | C5H4Cl2F2O2 |
| —— | α-Acetoxy-α-methyl-valeriansaeurechlorid | 58908-24-0 | C8H13ClO3 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-propyl-hexanoyl chloride | 91369-27-6 | C11H21ClO |
| —— | 16-iodohexadecanoyl chloride | 95088-36-1 | C16H30ClIO |
| —— | 1,1,2,4,5,5-hexachloro-penta-1,4-dien-3-one | 13340-09-5 | C5Cl6O |
| —— | (E)-Nonadec-10-enoyl bromide | 105041-06-3 | C19H35BrO |
| —— | (E)-5-Methyl-8-trimethylsilanyl-oct-5-enoyl chloride | 104261-20-3 | C12H23ClOSi |
| —— | Undeca-5,7,9-triin-1-saeurechlorid | 24105-25-7 | C11H9ClO |
| —— | 2-Methyl-2,3-butadienoyl chloride | 147167-26-8 | C5H5ClO |
| —— | 2,2,4-trichloro-decanoyl chloride | 83611-19-2 | C10H16Cl4O |
| —— | 1-Oxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridecylchlorid | 73159-13-4 | C9H17ClO5 |
| —— | 2-Propyl-pent-4-enoyl chloride | 98559-76-3 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | 2-Brom-2-(pentafluorthio)propionylchlorid | 94411-65-1 | C3H3BrClF5OS |
| —— | Cubane-1,5,7-tricarbonyl trichloride | 161980-56-9 | C11H5Cl3O3 |
| —— | (2Z,4Z)-2,3-dibromo-4,5,6,7,7-pentachloro-hepta-2,4,6-trienal | 27970-97-4 | C7HBr2Cl5O |
| —— | 4,4,5,5,6,6-Hexafluor-azelaylchlorid | 1737-00-4 | C9H8Cl2F6O2 |
| —— | 2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxaheptadecan-17-oyl chloride | 81836-40-0 | C12H23ClO6 |
| —— | 5-cyano-pent-3t-enoyl chloride | 821-26-1 | C6H6ClNO |
| —— | 4-{2-[2-(2-Dodecyloxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethylsulfanyl}-butyryl chloride | 209324-39-0 | C22H43ClO4S |
| —— | 5,7-Nonadienoyl Chloride | 77494-87-2 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 2,2,4-Trichlor-buttersaeure-chlorid | 1588-45-0 | C4H4Cl4O |
| —— | 2-ethyl-tetradecanoyl chloride | 861094-61-3 | C16H31ClO |
| —— | Trispiro<3.1.1.5.1.1>pentadecan-carbonsaeure-(2)-chlorid | 97787-75-2 | C16H23ClO |
| —— | 4,6-heptadienoyl chloride | 75283-55-5 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | fluorocarbonylmethylidenesulfur difluoride oxide | 115983-29-4 | C2HF3O2S |
| —— | Decanedioyl diiodide | 81721-94-0 | C10H16I2O2 |
| —— | 5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Tridecafluoro-decanoyl chloride | 220075-20-7 | C10H6ClF13O |
| —— | 3-Ethyl-3-methylpentanoyl chloride | 1421269-67-1 | C8H15ClO |
| —— | [((E)-Hept-2-enyl)oxy]-acetyl chloride | 109385-08-2 | C9H15ClO2 |
| —— | Tetraspiro<3.1.1.1.5.1.1.1>octadecan-carbonsaeure-2-chlorid | 99101-13-0 | C19H27ClO |