酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1-Methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride | 70645-45-3 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | Octadeca-10,13-dienoyl chloride | 63029-03-8 | C18H31ClO |
|
| —— | 3-Octadecylsulfanyl-propionyl chloride | 3062-65-5 | C21H41ClOS |
|
| —— | Chlormethyl-(2-chlorformyl-ethyl)-phosphinsaeure-chlorid | 22793-94-8 | C4H6Cl3O2P |
|
| —— | 4-Decenoylchlorid | 70173-09-0 | C10H17ClO |
|
| —— | Trifluoromethylacryloyl chloride | 406-92-8 | C4H2ClF3O |
|
| —— | 2,4,4-Trimethylhexanedioyl dichloride | 89982-04-7 | C9H14Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 2,5,5-trichloro-3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid chloride | 84077-51-0 | C7H10Cl4O |
|
| —— | 3-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-acryloyl chloride | 171774-19-9 | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | α-chloro-tert-butylacetyl chloride | 714230-78-1 | C6H10Cl2O |
|
| —— | 4-chlorobutanoyl fluoride | 15973-66-7 | C4H6ClFO |
|
| —— | octanoyl fluoride | 463-14-9 | C9H17FO |
|
| —— | 3-Cyclopentylprop-2-enoyl chloride | 208922-42-3 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2,2-bis(methoxymethyl)propionic acid chloride | 203314-59-4 | C7H13ClO3 |
|
| —— | 3-Cyclopropylprop-2-enoyl chloride | 189498-30-4 | C6H7ClO |
|
| —— | Docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoyl chloride | 158754-21-3 | C22H31ClO |
|
| —— | Octahydro-7aH-1,4-ethanoindene-7a-carbonyl chloride | 100020-94-8 | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | 1-Methyl-2-fluorformyl-3-trifluormethyl-cyclobuten-1 | 2647-09-8 | C7H6F4O |
|
| —— | <<sup>13</sup>C>-Acetylfluorid | 676-78-8 | C2H3FO |
|
| —— | Ethane-1,2-diamine;oxalyl dichloride | —— | C4H8Cl2N2O2 |
|
| —— | α-Brom-laurinsaeurebromid | 59117-76-9 | C12H22Br2O |
|
| —— | 2-(1-Ethylpropoxy)acetyl chloride | 1158584-73-6 | C7H13ClO2 |
|
| —— | 2-(Cyanomethyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 25297-43-2 | C8H8ClNO |
|
| —— | (6R)-6-Methylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 72233-49-9 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2-Butylcycloprop-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 82555-59-7 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2-Methyl-cyclohexen-(3)-carbonsaeure-(1)-chlorid | 32893-59-7 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | Tricyclo[3.1.1.0~3,6~]heptane-6-carbonyl chloride | 63127-28-6 | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylidenecyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | 61900-01-4 | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | 2,4-Dimethylcyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 90003-10-4 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 4-Chlor-1-cyclopentancarbonsaeurechlorid | 56447-14-4 | C6H8Cl2O |
|
| —— | 2-Chlorocyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride | 89182-33-2 | C5H6Cl2O |
|
| —— | 2,2,3-Trimethylcyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 65514-84-3 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | 4-fluoro-bicyclo(2.2.2)octane-1-carboxylic fluoride | 81725-03-3 | C9H12F2O |
|
| —— | Cyclooctatetraenecarbonyl chloride | —— | C9H7ClO |
|
| —— | (2Z)-2-(Cyanomethylidene)cyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | 25341-91-7 | C8H8ClNO |
|
| —— | 1-Ethoxycyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride | 70339-22-9 | C7H11ClO2 |
|
| —— | 3-Fluorotricyclo[4.2.1.0~2,5~]non-7-ene-3-carbonyl fluoride | 658074-23-8 | C10H10F2O |
|
| —— | Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carbonyl chloride | 63665-53-2 | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carbonyl chloride | 71098-35-6 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl fluoride | 49576-71-8 | C9H15FO |
|
| —— | 1-Methyl-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 57738-82-6 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | Tricyclo[4.2.1.0~2,5~]non-7-ene-3-carbonyl chloride | 663618-23-3 | C10H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2-Chlor-2,3,3-trifluorcyclobutancarbonsaeurechlorid | 51504-22-4 | C5H3Cl2F3O |
|
| —— | (2Z)-2-Ethylidene-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 57935-27-0 | C11H15ClO |
|
| —— | Dispiro<3.1.4.1>undecan-carbonsaeure-(2)-chlorid | 91561-69-2 | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | 1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 54556-69-3 | C11H19ClO |
|
| —— | 3,4-Dichloro-cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride | 56447-17-7 | C6H7Cl3O |
|
| —— | 2-Ethyl-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carbonyl chloride | 57935-26-9 | C11H15ClO |
|
| —— | (3Z,7Z)-cycloundeca-3,7-diene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | 4-Chlorobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carbonyl fluoride | 94994-06-6 | C9H12ClFO |
|
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