酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-氯己酰氯 | 5-chlorohexanoyl chloride | 99585-01-0 | C6H10Cl2O |
|
| 5-氯八氟戊酰氯 | 5-Chlor-perfluor-pentansaeure-chlorid | 3110-03-0 | C5Cl2F8O |
|
| 5-氯代戊酰氯 | 5-Chlorovaleroyl chloride | 1575-61-7 | C5H8Cl2O |
|
| 5-氯-2-乙烯基-2-甲基戊酰氯 | 2-(3-chloropropyl)-2-methylbut-3-enoyl chloride | 193818-73-4 | C8H12Cl2O |
|
| 5-氯-2-乙基戊酰氯 | 2-ethyl-5-chlorovaleryl chloride | 71959-66-5 | C7H12Cl2O |
|
| 5-氨基戊酰氯 | 5-Aminopentanoyl chloride | 82689-32-5 | C5H10ClNO |
|
| 5-己酰氯 | 5-hexenoyl chloride | 36394-07-7 | C6H9ClO |
|
| 5-(3-丁烯-1-基)-1-环戊烯-1-甲酰氯 | 5-(But-3-EN-1-YL)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 118717-66-1 | C10H13ClO |
|
| 5,5-二甲基双环[2.1.1]己烷-1-甲酰氯 | 5,5-Dimethylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 79635-05-5 | C9H13ClO |
|
| 4-羟基丁酰氯 | 4-hydroxybutyryl chloride | 183198-09-6 | C4H7ClO2 |
|
| 4-甲氧基双环[2.2.2]辛烷-1-羰基氟化物 | 4-Methoxybicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carbonyl fluoride | 116935-81-0 | C10H15FO2 |
|
| 4-甲氧基丁酰氯 | 4-methoxybutanoyl chloride | 61882-39-1 | C5H9ClO2 |
|
| 4-甲基双环[2.2.2]辛烷-1-羰基氟化物 | 4-Methylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carbonyl fluoride | 116935-82-1 | C10H15FO |
|
| 4-甲基双环[2.2.2]辛-2-烯-1-甲酰氯 | 4-Methylbicyclo<2.2.2>oct-2-en-1-carbonylchlorid | 22148-41-0 | C10H13ClO |
|
| 4-甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲酰氯 | (S)-4-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbonyl chloride | 170080-85-0 | C8H11ClO |
|
| 4-甲基-3-环己烯-1-乙酰氯 | 4-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-acetyl chloride | 7086-72-8 | C9H13ClO |
|
| 4-环己烯-1,2-二甲酰氯 | 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarbonyl dichloride | 52890-05-8 | C8H8Cl2O2 |
|
| 4-环己基丁酰氯 | 4-cyclohexylbutyryl chloride | 4441-67-2 | C10H17ClO |
|
| 4-溴己酰氯 | 4-bromohexanoyl chloride | 61222-83-1 | C6H10BrClO |
|
| 4-溴丁酰氯 | 4-bromobutyroyl chloride | 927-58-2 | C4H6BrClO |
|
| 4-溴丁酰基溴化物 | 4-Brombutyrylbromid | 56489-06-6 | C4H6Br2O |
|
| 4-氯戊酰氯 | 4-chloropentanoyl chloride | 63480-12-6 | C5H8Cl2O |
|
| 4-氯庚酰氯 | 4-chloroheptanoyl chloride | 111680-87-6 | C7H12Cl2O |
|
| 4-氯己酰氯 | 4-chlorohexanoic chloride | 99585-00-9 | C6H10Cl2O |
|
| 4-氯丁酰氯 | 4-Chlorobutanoyl chloride | 4635-59-0 | C4H6Cl2O |
|
| 4-氨基丁酰氯 | γ-aminobutyryl chloride | 63095-61-4 | C4H8ClNO |
|
| 4-氟双环[2.2.2]辛烷-1-甲酰氯 | Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carbonyl chloride, 4-fluoro-(9CI) | 81687-78-7 | C9H12ClFO |
|
| 4-氟丁醛 | butanoyl fluoride | 461-53-0 | C4H7FO |
|
| 4-戊烯酰氯 | pent-4-enoyl chloride | 39716-58-0 | C5H7ClO |
|
| 4-戊基-3-环己烯-1-甲酰氯 | 4-pentyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxyl chloride | 155468-70-5 | C12H19ClO |
|
| 4-叔丁基-4-氯丁酰氯 | 4-Chloro-5,5-dimethylhexanoyl chloride | 393516-80-8 | C8H14Cl2O |
|
| 4-丙基双环[2.2.2]辛烷-1-甲酰氯 | 4-propylbicyclo(2.2.2)octane-1-carboxylic acid chloride | 81472-98-2 | C12H19ClO |
|
| 4-丙基-3-环己烯-1-甲酰氯 | 4-Propylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 115498-53-8 | C10H15ClO |
|
| 4-(氟甲基)环己烷羰基氯化物 | 4-(Fluoromethyl)cyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 220573-28-4 | C8H12ClFO |
|
| 4-(二氯甲基硅烷基)丁酰氯 | 4-(Dichloromethylsilyl)butyryl chloride | 4084-34-8 | C5H9Cl3OSi |
|
| 4-(三氟甲基)环己烷羰基氯化物 | trans-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 477905-43-4 | C8H10ClF3O |
|
| 4-(2-溴-乙基)-庚烷 | chlorure de l'acide butyl-3 heptanoique | 80256-59-3 | C11H21ClO |
|
| 4,8-十二碳二烯二酰二氯化,2,2,11,11-四甲基-,(Z,Z)- | (Z,Z)-2,2,11,11-tetramethyldodeca-4,8-diene-1,12-dioyl chloride | 139200-17-2 | C16H24Cl2O2 |
|
| 4,6,6-三甲基-1,3-环己二烯-1-甲酰氯 | 4,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienecarbonyl chloride | 179104-42-8 | C10H13ClO |
|
| 4,4-二甲基环己烷羰基氯化物 | 4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 220203-29-2 | C9H15ClO |
|
| 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-十七氟十一酰氯 | 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecafluoroundecanoylchloride | 89373-67-1 | C11H4ClF17O |
|
| 4,4,4-三氟丁酰氯 | 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl chloride | 406-91-7 | C4H4ClF3O |
|
| 3-降金刚烷碳酰氯 | 3-noradamantanecarboxylic acid chloride | 67064-09-9 | C10H13ClO |
|
| 3-羟基丙酰氯 | 3-hydroxypropionyl chloride | 109608-73-3 | C3H5ClO2 |
|
| 3-甲硫基丙酰氯 | 3-(methylthio)propionyl chloride | 7031-23-4 | C4H7ClOS |
|
| 3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰氯 | 3-methoxy-2-methylpropionyl chloride | 61882-41-5 | C5H9ClO2 |
|
| 3-甲基戊酸氯 | 3-methylpentanoyl chloride | 51116-72-4 | C6H11ClO |
|
| 3-甲基戊二酰氯 | 3-methylpentanedioyl dichloride | 67030-12-0 | C6H8Cl2O2 |
|
| 3-甲基巴豆酰氯 | 3,3-Dimethylacryloyl chloride | 3350-78-5 | C5H7ClO |
|
| 3-甲基己二酰氯 | 3-methyl-hexanedioyl dichloride | 44987-62-4 | C7H10Cl2O2 |
|
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