酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl chloride | 71647-57-9 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-hepta-2,4-dienoyl chloride | 52778-53-7 | C7H5Cl5O |
| —— | 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | 343791-90-2 | C11H15ClO |
| —— | Methan-triacetylchlorid | 57056-40-3 | C7H7Cl3O3 |
| —— | 2-(3-Methyl-but-3-enyloxy)-propionyl chloride | 1070995-82-2 | C8H13ClO2 |
| —— | 2-decyl-dodecanoyl chloride | 859969-69-0 | C22H43ClO |
| —— | 2-(2-prop-2-enylcyclohexylidene)acetyl chloride | 111690-34-7 | C11H15ClO |
| —— | chloride of 5,5-dimethyl-3,7-dioxanonanedioic acid | 65115-09-5 | C9H14Cl2O4 |
| —— | (Z)-2-chloro-2-butenoyl chloride | 24910-87-0 | C4H4Cl2O |
| —— | <2-13C>fumaroyl dichloride | 96503-57-0 | C4H2Cl2O2 |
| —— | [2-Allyl-cyclohex-(E)-ylidene]-acetyl chloride | 111690-34-7 | C11H15ClO |
| —— | (1S,2S)-3,6-Dimethylene-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarbonyl dichloride | 77079-41-5 | C10H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | cyclopropylmalonyl Dichloride | 743478-64-0 | C6H6Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2,2-(dibromomethyl)-2-bromopropanoic acid chloride | 52031-17-1 | C5H6Br3ClO |
| —— | Tetrachlorbernsteinsaeure-dichlorid | 3875-91-0 | C4Cl6O2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-2-butyl-hexanoyl chloride | 857781-20-5 | C10H18BrClO |
| —— | (E)-oct-2-enoyl fluoride | 1416434-12-2 | C8H13FO |
| —— | 2-Methylen-hexandisaeure-dichlorid | 89792-84-7 | C7H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | (S)-2-methyldecanoic acid chloride | 67657-55-0 | C11H21ClO |
| —— | 3-Spiro[5.5]undecan-3-ylpropanoyl chloride | 38515-96-7 | C14H23ClO |
| —— | 13140-38-0 | C39F78O13 | |
| —— | 4-(2-Chlorethylthio)butyrylchlorid | 64157-92-2 | C6H10Cl2OS |
| —— | Bicyclo<2.2.2>oct-2-en-1-carbonylchlorid | 22094-08-2 | C9H11ClO |
| —— | Trideuterio-acetylchlorid-Cl<sup>35</sup> | 89620-90-6 | C2H3ClO |
| —— | 7-oxaoctanoyl chloride | 41639-69-4 | C7H13ClO2 |
| —— | 4-chloro-3,3,4,5,5,6,7,7-octafluoro-hept-6-en-2-one | 1550-28-3 | C7H3ClF8O |
| —— | 4-Thia-6-chlor-capronsaeurechlorid | 1002-14-8 | C5H8Cl2OS |
| —— | (S)-2-ethoxypropanoyl chloride | 41918-16-5 | C5H9ClO2 |
| —— | (E)-9-Trimethylsilanyl-non-5-enoyl chloride | 104261-27-0 | C12H23ClOSi |
| —— | Difluoro-[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-pentafluoroethyloxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl fluoride | 13071-66-4 | C8F16O4 |
| —— | trans-Bicyclo[2.2.2]octen-(5)-2,3-dicarboxychlorid | 84258-03-7 | C10H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-octyldecanoyl chloride | 147218-81-3 | C18H35ClO |
| —— | 1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl dichloride | 4890-86-2 | C9H2Cl8O2 |
| —— | 4-Chlor-3-chlordifluormethyl-2,4,4-trifluor-2-butenoylfluorid | 25055-27-0 | C5Cl2F6O |
| —— | 2-[3-(2-Chloro-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy]acetyl chloride | 108444-76-4 | C7H10Cl2O4 |
| —— | (3-Methyl-but-3-enyloxy)-acetyl chloride | 1071036-20-8 | C7H11ClO2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-4,4-dimethylpentanoyl chloride | 96135-85-2 | C7H12BrClO |
| —— | 1-chlorododec-4-yn-3-one | 345949-38-4 | C12H19ClO |
| —— | (E)-3-Butyl-7-trimethylsilanyl-hept-4-enoyl chloride | 104261-25-8 | C14H27ClOSi |
| —— | fluoroanhydride of 3,3,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanoic acid | 102526-11-4 | C5H4F6O |
| —— | Di-n-propyl(methyl)silylacetylchlorid | 71482-50-3 | C9H19ClOSi |
| —— | 3-octylsulfanylpropanoyl chloride | 95858-73-4 | C11H21ClOS |
| —— | dodeca-2,8-diynoyl chloride | 856360-50-4 | C12H15ClO |
| —— | 1-chloro-2,2,3-trimethyl-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride | 66569-67-3 | C10H13Cl3O2 |
| —— | (E)-Oct-2-en-7-ynoyl chloride | 722483-12-7 | C8H9ClO |
| —— | (E)-2-(2-Methyl-allyl)-8-trimethylsilanyl-oct-5-enoyl chloride | 104261-26-9 | C15H27ClOSi |
| —— | (1-bromo-cyclobutyl)-acetyl bromide | 688363-76-0 | C6H8Br2O |
| —— | 2,7-Dimethyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatrien-7-carbonylchlorid | 62360-29-6 | C10H11ClO |
| —— | Dec-4-inoylchlorid | 90972-95-5 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | 1-Acetyl-2-(1-chlor-vinyl)-2,3,4-trichlor-cyclohexen-(3) | 91842-80-7 | C10H10Cl4O |