酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | α,α-bisfluoromethyl-propionyl chloride | 100007-67-8 | C5H7ClF2O |
|
| —— | (E)-3-methylpent-2-enoyl chloride | 104637-16-3 | C6H9ClO |
|
| —— | 3-methyl-hex-2-enoyl chloride | 104637-17-4 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | 3,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoyl chloride | 76215-43-5 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | 4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dioxaoctanedioyl chloride | 66582-24-9 | C8H12Cl2O4 |
|
| —— | 3-(Ethylsulfanyl)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl fluoride | 77705-88-5 | C5H5F5OS |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoyl fluoride | 77705-93-2 | C4H3F5OS |
|
| —— | 8-fluorooctanoyl chloride | 764-88-5 | C8H14ClFO |
|
| —— | 2-Ethylpent-4-enoyl chloride | 85622-00-0 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2-Fluoro-3-methylbut-2-enoyl chloride | 82147-71-5 | C5H6ClFO |
|
| —— | Octahydro-1,6-methanonaphthalene-1(2H)-carbonyl chloride | 57386-97-7 | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | methacrylic acid bromide | 6997-65-5 | C4H5BrO |
|
| —— | 1-Chloro-2,3-dimethylcycloprop-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 35436-21-6 | C6H6Cl2O |
|
| —— | 6-chloro-decafluoro-hexanoyl fluoride | 335-52-4 | C6ClF11O |
|
| —— | diethoxyacetyl chloride | 68057-09-0 | C6H11ClO3 |
|
| —— | 3-perfluorohexyl propanoyl chloride | 127526-16-3 | C9H4ClF13O |
|
| —— | crotonoyl fluoride | 38986-88-8 | C4H5FO |
|
| —— | 11-cyclopentyl-undecanoyl chloride | 859318-50-6 | C16H29ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,3S)-(+)-3-(Trifluoromethyl)camphonanoyl chloride | 229469-05-0 | C10H14ClF3O |
|
| —— | (1R,3S)-(+)-3-(Trifluoromethyl)camphonanoyl fluoride | 193280-13-6 | C10H14F4O |
|
| —— | 2-bromooct-7-enoic chloride | 211913-86-9 | C8H12BrClO |
|
| —— | 2-Methylbut-3-enoyl chloride | 24560-24-5 | C5H7ClO |
|
| —— | α-(chloromethyl)acrylic acid chloride | 25255-48-5 | C4H4Cl2O |
|
| —— | trans-hex-4-enoyl chloride | 86734-30-7 | C6H9ClO |
|
| —— | (R)-2-Fluoropropanoic acid chloride | 159405-16-0 | C3H4ClFO |
|
| —— | 2-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylbutanoyl chloride | 343928-00-7 | C8H15ClO |
|
| —— | 2-methylbutanoic acid bromide | 54905-33-8 | C5H9BrO |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-pentanoyl bromide | 376-69-2 | C5HBrF8O |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutyric acid chloride | 16896-40-5 | C8H15ClO |
|
| —— | 3-Fluoro-2,2-bis(fluoromethyl)propanoyl chloride | 112433-49-5 | C5H6ClF3O |
|
| —— | 2-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropene-1-carbonyl chloride | 82495-40-7 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 4-pentylbicyclo<2.2.2>octane-1-carnonyl chloride | 73152-73-5 | C14H23ClO |
|
| —— | 2-heptylundecanoyl chloride | 78865-81-3 | C18H35ClO |
|
| —— | formyl fluoride-d1 | 558-04-3 | CHFO |
|
| —— | 3-decynoyl chloride | 124576-41-6 | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | methylfumaroyl chloride | 20537-97-7 | C5H4Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 2,3-diethyl-2-cyclopropene-1-carbonyl chloride | 82555-54-2 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2,2-Bis(chloromethyl)butanoyl chloride | 114012-40-7 | C6H9Cl3O |
|
| —— | octadec-2<i>t</i>-enoyl chloride | 150989-02-9 | C18H33ClO |
|
| —— | trans-2-tert-butyl-4,4-dimethyl-pent-2-enoyl chloride | 1029277-29-9 | C11H19ClO |
|
| —— | cis-11-Eicosenoylchloride | 1094216-75-7 | C20H37ClO |
|
| —— | 2-bromocyclopentylacetylchloride | 99644-87-8 | C7H10BrClO |
|
| —— | [(trichlorogermyl)methyl]succinyl chloride | 114686-89-4 | C5H5Cl5GeO2 |
|
| —— | 1,3,5-Trimethyladamantyl-7-carboxylic acid chloride | 50741-88-3 | C14H21ClO |
|
| —— | 2-Allyl-2-methyl-4-pentenoyl chloride | 159225-70-4 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | 3-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid chloride | 2941-17-5 | C5H8BrClO |
|
| —— | trans-6-methylhept-4-enoic acid chloride | 112375-59-4 | C8H13ClO |
|
| —— | 2-bromo-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl chloride | 86512-66-5 | C6H10BrClO |
|
| —— | Bis(pentafluorsulfanyl)acetylfluorid | 118142-24-8 | C2HF11OS2 |
|
| —— | 3-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride | 85777-50-0 | C6H11ClO2 |
|
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