酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,4-Dibromo-pentanoyl chloride | 82820-88-0 | C5H7Br2ClO |
| —— | 2-chloro-3-cyclohexylideneacetyl chloride | 83323-25-5 | C8H10Cl2O |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonyl dichloride | 1086436-23-8 | C8H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | acryloyl-d<sub>3</sub> chloride | 1553977-45-9 | C3H3ClO |
| —— | α-Chlor-thiolacrylsaeuremethylester | 72576-61-5 | C4H5ClOS |
| —— | 1,2-dichloro-6-trifluoromethylperfluoro-4-hepten-3-one | 134330-90-8 | C8Cl2F12O |
| —— | (E)-2-Trimethylsilanylmethyl-pent-2-enoyl chloride | 888021-00-9 | C9H17ClOSi |
| —— | (E)-3-(2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-cyclobutyl)-acryloyl chloride | 26207-03-4 | C7H5ClF4O |
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-heptanoyl chloride | 102943-03-3 | C9H17ClO |
| —— | [1,4-13C2]fumaroyl dichloride | 96503-54-7 | C4H2Cl2O2 |
| —— | (4aS,8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene-1-carbonyl chloride | 1619984-80-3 | C15H23ClO |
| —— | 8,8'-(5-hexyl-6-(oct-2-en-1-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diyl)dioctanoyl chloride | 1048024-24-3 | C36H62Cl2O2 |
| —— | (E)-Hexadec-8-enedioyl dichloride | 96161-41-0 | C16H26Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-3-methyl-hex-2-enoyl chloride | 727425-44-7 | C7H10BrClO |
| —— | 2(α-Chlorethoxy)-tetrafluorpropionsaeure-chlorid | 76493-00-0 | C5H4Cl2F4O2 |
| —— | N-(1,1,2-Trichlor-2-chlorcarbonyl-butyl)-phosphonimidsaeure-trichlorid | 4158-29-6 | C5H5Cl7NOP |
| —— | 3-isobutyl-5-methylhexanoyl chloride | 59349-53-0 | C10H19ClO |
| —— | α-bromo-β-methoxybutyric acid chloride | 67819-24-3 | C5H8BrClO2 |
| —— | 2-octylsulfanyl-2-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctylsulfanyl)acetyl chloride | 189829-09-2 | C18H22ClF13OS2 |
| —— | 3-fluoropent-2-enoyl chloride | 108615-73-2 | C5H6ClFO |
| —— | 4-(allyloxy)crotonyl chloride | 75933-68-5 | C7H9ClO2 |
| —— | 2-(2-Bromo-ethyl)-2-butyl-hexanoyl chloride | 19813-11-7 | C12H22BrClO |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-bromo-3-methyl-hexanoyl chloride | 831234-27-6 | C9H16BrClO |
| —— | (5Z,9Z)-Tetracosa-5,9-dienoyl chloride | 851316-91-1 | C24H43ClO |
| —— | 2-hydroperfluoro-2-methylpentanoyl fluoride | 75732-71-7 | C6HF11O |
| —— | (R)-3-(trichlormethyl)butyryl-chlorid | 95272-93-8 | C5H6Cl4O |
| —— | 2,3-dichloro-butyryl chloride | 854870-52-3 | C4H5Cl3O |
| —— | ((Z)-2-But-1-enyl)-hept-6-enoyl chloride | 113404-82-3 | C11H17ClO |
| —— | 2-cyano-2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)propanoyl chloride | 75356-32-0 | C10H12ClNO |
| —— | γ-<Chlormethyl-dimethyl-silyl>-buttersaeurechlorid | 13716-49-9 | C7H14Cl2OSi |
| —— | <1,1';1',1''>tercyclobutyryl chloride | 224824-16-2 | C13H19ClO |
| —— | trideuterio-[1-<sup>13</sup><i>C</i>]acetyl fluoride | 677-38-3 | C2H3FO |
| —— | 4-Iodo-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl chloride | 2172038-42-3 | C6H10ClIO |
| —— | 2-isopropenyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride | 96043-38-8 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | (4E,7E)-4,5,7,8-tetrafluoro-3,9-dimethylundeca-4,7-dien-6-one | 102676-01-7 | C13H18F4O |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyloctadecanoyl chloride | 422509-71-5 | C20H39ClO |
| —— | γ-Chlor-β-(methylthio)butyrylchlorid | 54372-93-9 | C5H8Cl2OS |
| —— | (E)-12-Oxo-octadec-2-enoyl chloride | 85838-20-6 | C18H31ClO2 |
| —— | 5,5,6,6,7,7-hexafluoro-3,9-dioxa-undecanedioyl chloride | 678-96-6 | C9H8Cl2F6O4 |
| —— | Pripol 1009 chloride | 1333417-05-2 | C36H68Cl2O2 |
| —— | (E)-2-Trimethylsilanylmethyl-tetracos-2-enoyl chloride | 888021-04-3 | C28H55ClOSi |
| —— | 2-(1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxyacetyl chloride | 1214741-90-8 | C6H8ClF3O2 |
| —— | 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-[1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propanoyl fluoride | 61097-78-7 | C12F24O4 |
| —— | 3,4,4-trichloro-2-dibromomethylene-but-3-enoyl chloride | 53394-88-0 | C5Br2Cl4O |
| —— | (+/-)-3-Methyl-4,4,4-trichlorobutanoyl Chloride | 91238-98-1 | C5H6Cl4O |
| —— | Hexafluor-2-iod-cyclopenten-1-carbonsaeure | 31877-85-7 | C6HF6IO2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-2-ethyl-caproylchlorid | 102943-04-4 | C9H17ClO |
| —— | (2-methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-acetyl chloride | 87355-91-7 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 2-<i>tert</i>-butyl-crotonoyl chloride | 98559-66-1 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | tert-Butylpropiolsaeurechlorid | 70683-16-8 | C7H9ClO |
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