酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptandioyl dichloride | 50321-59-0 | C11H18Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-3-[1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-4-[1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-4-[1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-4-(1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoro-3-oxopropoxy)butoxy]butoxy]butoxy]propanoyl fluoride | 24647-15-2 | C18F34O6 |
|
| —— | 4,4-Difluoro-1,2-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-cyclobut-2-enecarbonyl fluoride | 25631-90-7 | C8H6F6O |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-3-[1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-4-(1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoro-3-oxopropoxy)butoxy]propanoyl fluoride | 24647-14-1 | C10F18O4 |
|
| —— | 11-bromoundecanoyl bromide | 116464-23-4 | C11H20Br2O |
|
| —— | Chloroformylketene | 175795-54-7 | C3HClO2 |
|
| —— | 2,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)heptanoyl chloride | 62101-36-4 | C14H27ClO |
|
| —— | 1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 49576-67-2 | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | 5-chloro-3-methylvaleryl chloride | 59068-26-7 | C6H10Cl2O |
|
| —— | 3-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-butyryl chloride | 813452-01-6 | C5H7Cl2FO |
|
| —— | 2-cyclopentyl-2-methylmalonyl chloride | 57296-38-5 | C9H12Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 2,3-Dichloro-2,3-dimethylbutanedioyl dichloride | 63596-89-4 | C6H6Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | α-bromo-tert-amylacetyl chloride | 120154-94-1 | C7H12BrClO |
|
| —— | 2-Ethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 51201-08-2 | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | 2-cyano-2-ethyl-5-chloro-valeroyl chloride | 70672-27-4 | C8H11Cl2NO |
|
| —— | 2-Difluoromethyl 5-hexenoyl chloride | 81982-40-3 | C7H9ClF2O |
|
| —— | hydron;tetradecanoyl chloride;fluoride | —— | C14H28ClFO |
|
| —— | dodecanoyl chloride;hydron;fluoride | —— | C12H24ClFO |
|
| —— | Ethyloctanedioyl dichloride | 68171-36-8 | C10H16Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | Propanoyl fluoride, 2-(1-(difluoro(heptafluoropropoxy)methyl)-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro- | 112820-37-8 | C9F18O3 |
|
| —— | iodo-acetyl fluoride | 471-23-8 | C2H2FIO |
|
| —— | butyryl chloride-d7 | 1219805-71-6 | C4H7ClO |
|
| —— | undecafluoro-2,2-dimethylbutanoyl fluoride | 134600-57-0 | C6F12O |
|
| —— | Perfluorundecandioylfluorid | 24647-10-7 | C11F20O2 |
|
| —— | 2-methoxy-3-cyclohexenyl-1-carboxylic acid fluoride | 159415-28-8 | C8H11FO2 |
|
| —— | 2,2-(trimethylene)octanoyl chloride | 58148-20-2 | C11H19ClO |
|
| —— | isostearoyl N chloride | 409099-39-4 | C18H35ClO |
|
| —— | Brom-acetylfluorid | 430-70-6 | C2H2BrFO |
|
| —— | 2-chlorocarbonyl-4-methyl-1-pentene | 85466-83-7 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2,3-Dimethyl-1-cyclopenten-3-carbonsaeurechlorid | 84884-02-6 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)acetyl chloride | 123131-66-8 | C5H5ClF2O |
|
| —— | (S,S)-cyclohexane-1,3-dicarbonyl dichloride | 1610732-23-4 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-hexanoyl chloride | 1479-06-7 | C6H4ClF7O |
|
| —— | (<i>S</i>)-3-methyl-hexanoyl chloride | 64687-38-3 | C7H13ClO |
|
| —— | Propiolylfluorid | 666-13-7 | C3HFO |
|
| —— | 3-cyclohexylidenepropanoyl chloride | 1257510-66-9 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | β-Methyldichlorsilyl-propionylchlorid | 18797-20-1 | C4H7Cl3OSi |
|
| —— | 4,5,5-trichloro-pent-4-enoyl chloride | 408526-45-4 | C5H4Cl4O |
|
| —— | 2,2-Difluoro-pent-4-enoyl fluoride | 113991-43-8 | C5H5F3O |
|
| —— | (R)-2-bromopropionyl bromide | 103833-24-5 | C3H4Br2O |
|
| —— | 1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl dichloride | 16673-09-9 | C9H2Cl8O2 |
|
| —— | 4-bromoperfluorobutyryl fluoride | 128126-24-9 | C4BrF7O |
|
| —— | 2-Methyl-3-trimethylsilanyl-propionyl chloride | 62808-56-4 | C7H15ClOSi |
|
| —— | Di(1-adamantyl)acetylchlorid | 88246-69-9 | C22H31ClO |
|
| —— | d<sub>3</sub>-pivaloylchloride | 1640993-17-4 | C5H9ClO |
|
| —— | Ethyltrifluormethylmalonylfluorid | 60001-88-9 | C6H5F5O2 |
|
| —— | α-Chlor-α-methyl-pentansaeurechlorid | 54468-32-5 | C6H10Cl2O |
|
| —— | (+)-2(S)-chloropropionyl fluoride | 87337-52-8 | C3H4ClFO |
|
| —— | 2(R)-chloropropionyl bromide | 154473-27-5 | C3H4BrClO |
|
| —— | α-pentyloxypropionyl chloride | 104632-02-2 | C8H15ClO2 |
|
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