酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-heptenoyl chloride | 21430-12-6 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-chlorobutanedioyl dichloride | —— | C4H3Cl3O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,3R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride | —— | C9H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,4S)-2,3-dichlorobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-5-carbonyl chloride | —— | C7H7Cl3O |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,3R,4R)-2,3-dichlorobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-5-carbonyl chloride | —— | C7H7Cl3O |
|
| —— | (2S,5R)-2,5-dichlorohexanedioyl dichloride | —— | C6H6Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | (2R,5R)-2,5-dichlorohexanedioyl dichloride | —— | C6H6Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | (2S,5S)-2,5-dichlorohexanedioyl dichloride | —— | C6H6Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | (2R)-2-(2-bromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl fluoride | —— | C5BrF9O2 |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-(2-bromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl fluoride | —— | C5BrF9O2 |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl fluoride | —— | C3BrF5O |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl chloride | —— | C3BrClF4O |
|
| —— | (3R)-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl chloride | —— | C9H17ClO |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-ethyldodecanoyl chloride | —— | C14H27ClO |
|
| —— | (2R)-2-ethyldodecanoyl chloride | —— | C14H27ClO |
|
| —— | (2R,3R)-2,3-dimethylbutanedioyl dichloride | —— | C6H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-chloro-2-[3-[(1R)-1,2-dichloro-2-oxoethyl]-1-adamantyl]acetyl chloride | —— | C14H16Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | (2R)-2-chloro-2-[3-[(1R)-1,2-dichloro-2-oxoethyl]-1-adamantyl]acetyl chloride | —— | C14H16Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-chloro-2-[3-[(1S)-1,2-dichloro-2-oxoethyl]-1-adamantyl]acetyl chloride | —— | C14H16Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-methylbutanedioyl dichloride | —— | C5H6Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,3S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride | —— | C9H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (2R)-2-methylhexanedioyl dichloride | —— | C7H10Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-methylhexanedioyl dichloride | —— | C7H10Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (5R,7R)-3-bromoadamantane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H14BrClO |
|
| —— | (5S,7S)-3-bromoadamantane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H14BrClO |
|
| —— | (3S)-3-methylhexanedioyl dichloride | —— | C7H10Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (1R,3E,7E)-cycloundeca-3,7-diene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H17ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,3R,5R)-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-3-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (3S,4S)-3,4-dichlorocyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C6H7Cl3O |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,5R)-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,6S)-bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,3S,5S)-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-3-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,5S,6S)-bicyclo[3.2.2]non-8-ene-6-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,3R,6S,8S)-tricyclo[4.4.0.03,8]decane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,3S,4R)-3-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,3R,6S,8S)-tricyclo[4.4.0.03,8]decane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,5R,7S)-tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]nonane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (2R,4S)-tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]nonane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (2R,3R,4S,5R,7S,8S,9R,10R)-hexacyclo[4.4.0.02,5.03,9.04,8.07,10]decane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H15ClO |
|
| —— | (2R,3R,4R,5R,7S,8R,9R,10R)-hexacyclo[4.4.0.02,5.03,9.04,8.07,10]decane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H9ClO |
|
| —— | (3R,4R)-3,4-dichlorocyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C6H7Cl3O |
|
| —— | (2R,3R,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,10R)-hexacyclo[4.4.0.02,5.03,9.04,8.07,10]decane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H9ClO |
|
| —— | (2S,4R)-tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]nonane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,3S,5R)-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-3-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | (3R,4S)-3,4-dichlorocyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C6H7Cl3O |
|
| —— | (1S,3S,6S,8S)-tricyclo[4.4.0.03,8]decane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C11H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,6R)-bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,5R,7R)-tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]nonane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H13ClO |
|
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