酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (E)-2,7-Dibutyl-oct-4-enedioyl dichloride | 67546-72-9 | C16H26Cl2O2 |
| —— | 5-[(Difluoromethyl)silyl]pentanoyl chloride | 89994-97-8 | C6H11ClF2OSi |
| —— | 2-(6H-Dodecafluorohexyloxy)-6H-nonafluorocaproylfluorid | 57155-40-5 | C12H2F22O2 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-3-dichlorphosphono-propionsaeure-chlorid | 13499-26-8 | C4H6Cl3O2P |
| —— | 9-Dodecensaeurechlorid | 150989-00-7 | C12H21ClO |
| —— | 2-(propargylthio)propionyl chloride | 74786-44-0 | C6H7ClOS |
| —— | 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-thia-heptanedioyl chloride | 49838-81-5 | C10H16Cl2O2S |
| —— | Cyclopenten-3-yl-acetylchlorid | 42587-70-2 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | α-decalincarboxylic acid chloride | 91214-75-4 | C11H17ClO |
| —— | 4-(1-adamantyl) butanoyl chloride | 6240-20-6 | C14H21ClO |
| —— | 1-Methylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-carbonyl-chlorid | 106675-75-6 | C8H9ClO |
| —— | α,β-Dichlor-thioisobuttersaeure | 22073-24-1 | C4H6Cl2OS |
| —— | 2-ethyl-3-methyl-2-butenoyl chloride | 83841-92-3 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | ((1S,3S)-3-Methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexyl)-acetyl chloride | 73739-74-9 | C12H19ClO2 |
| —— | 4-methoxycrotonoyl chloride | 61882-45-9 | C5H7ClO2 |
| —— | exo,exo-cis-Bicyclo<3.3.0>octan-dicarbonsaeure-(2,4)-dichlorid | 10479-33-1 | C10H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | (+-)-2-methyl-norborn-5-ene-2endo-carbonyl chloride | 33783-94-7 | C9H11ClO |
| —— | Hex-4-ynoyl chloride | 51578-01-9 | C6H7ClO |
| —— | (Z)-2-Methyl-hex-3-enoyl chloride | 113404-84-5 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | 2-bromo-2-tricyclo<3.3.1.1<sup>3,7</sup>>decylideneacetyl chloride | 112181-92-7 | C12H14BrClO |
| —— | 4,5,5-Trichlor-penta-2,4-diensaeurechlorid | 5780-59-6 | C5H2Cl4O |
| —— | (R)-3,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl chloride | 81050-55-7 | C8H15ClO |
| —— | perfluoropimeloyl chloride | 121310-79-0 | C7Cl2F10O2 |
| —— | 4-(tripropylgermyl)butyryl chloride | 81906-35-6 | C13H27ClGeO |
| —— | 3-Chlorformyl-propansulfenylchlorid | 15145-08-1 | C4H6Cl2OS |
| —— | 3-Methyldecanoyl chloride | 137586-01-7 | C11H21ClO |
| —— | 2-methyl-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid chloride | 118495-26-4 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | N-(1,1,2-Trichlor-2-chlorcarbonyl-isopentyl)-phosphonimidsaeure-trichlorid | 4321-82-8 | C6H7Cl7NOP |
| —— | 2,4,4-Trichlorbutyrylchlorid | 77147-40-1 | C4H4Cl4O |
| —— | 2,7-Dimethyloct-6-enoyl chloride | 935474-13-8 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | cycloheptatrienylacetyl chloride | 15598-76-2 | C9H9ClO |
| —— | Cyano-acetyl fluoride | 42148-27-6 | C3H2FNO |
| —— | Cyclopentadiencarbonsaeure-chlorid | 98138-81-9 | C6H5ClO |
| —— | 2-Chloro-3-(2-chloro-ethylsulfanyl)-propionyl chloride | 39618-50-3 | C5H7Cl3OS |
| —— | 3-isopropyl-4-methylpent-4-enoyl chloride | 1435934-79-4 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | 2-isopropyl-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl chloride | 54439-97-3 | C9H17ClO |
| —— | trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid dichloride | 14571-47-2 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | β-chloro-β-(chlorosulfenyl)butyroyl chloride | 60712-73-4 | C4H5Cl3OS |
| —— | 6-Methyl-hepten-5-1-oylchlorid | 197509-38-9 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | 2-bromo-undecanoyl chloride | 859788-76-4 | C11H20BrClO |
| —— | 7-Chlor-4-thiaoenanthsaeurechlorid | 16496-89-2 | C6H10Cl2OS |
| —— | Fluorformyl-perfluorethylperoxid | 30321-54-1 | C3F6O3 |
| —— | (Z)-oct-4-enedioyl dichloride | 69386-33-0 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | Perhaloalkanoyl-chlorid | 13140-19-7 | C6Cl6F6O |
| —— | 3-Methyl-hex-5-enoyl chloride | 137585-99-0 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | CF3(CF2)3(CH2CF2)2(CF2CF2)CF2COF | 1010119-10-4 | C12H4F20O |
| —— | cis-4-(2,2-Dibromovinyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride | 121318-00-1 | C9H11Br2ClO |
| —— | 4-tert-butyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxlic acid chloride | 343775-20-2 | C12H21ClO |
| —— | chloroanhydride of isobutenyl(β-chlorocarbonylethyl)phosphonic acid | 102335-19-3 | C7H11Cl2O2P |
| —— | 2-[8a-(2-chloro-2-oxoethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-4a-yl]acetyl chloride | 95184-28-4 | C14H20Cl2O2 |
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