酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Cyclononanecarbonyl chloride | 35702-21-7 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 2,3-Butadienoyl chloride | 126522-29-0 | C4H3ClO |
| —— | 2,2-difluorovaleryl chloride | 140126-82-5 | C5H7ClF2O |
| —— | 3-(isopentyloxy)pentanoyl chloride | 1193434-32-0 | C10H19ClO2 |
| —— | (Z)-2-methoxyhepta-2,6-dienoyl chloride | 1370416-29-7 | C8H11ClO2 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo<2.1.1>hexan-1-carbonsaeurechlorid | 79635-05-5 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 2-Buten-1,4-dicarbonsaeure-dichlorid | 18482-05-8 | C6H6Cl2O2 |
| —— | (perfluoro-1-adamantyl)acetyl fluoride | 107406-39-3 | C12F18O |
| —— | 9-decynoic acid chloride | 100131-19-9 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | 2-Chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl bromide | 261503-70-2 | C3BrClF4O |
| —— | (+/-)-4-methyldodecanoyl chloride | 849770-38-3 | C13H25ClO |
| —— | rac.-6-Methyl-octanoyl-chlorid | 53838-47-4 | C9H17ClO |
| —— | Formylchlorid-d(1) | 68666-69-3 | CHClO |
| —— | 2-propyl-hexanoyl chloride | 861623-29-2 | C9H17ClO |
| —— | 5-Propyl-octanoyl chloride | 73383-11-6 | C11H21ClO |
| —— | 9,10,12,13,15,16-Hexabrom-stearinsaeurechlorid | 100559-73-7 | C18H29Br6ClO |
| —— | 4-Methylnonanoic acid chloride | 299426-65-6 | C10H19ClO |
| —— | 5-(4-Chlorocarbonyl-butylsulfanyl)-pentanoyl chloride | 53135-97-0 | C10H16Cl2O2S |
| —— | 4-Methyl-cyclohex-2-enecarbonyl chloride | 19876-41-6 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | (Z)-Non-3-enoyl chloride | 131721-20-5 | C9H15ClO |
| —— | 9,10,12,13-Tetrabrom-stearinsaeurechlorid | 100568-24-9 | C18H31Br4ClO |
| —— | Cyclopentanediacetic acid chloride | 105743-63-3 | C9H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3,4-Pentadienoyl chloride | 251911-48-5 | C5H5ClO |
| —— | 2,7-Dichlor-heptanoylchlorid | 73106-00-0 | C7H11Cl3O |
| —— | difluoromethylthioacetyl chloride | 83494-33-1 | C3H3ClF2OS |
| —— | Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | 554412-95-2 | C9H11ClO |
| —— | 2-Methylmercapto-2-ethyl-buttersaeure-chlorid | 89693-13-0 | C7H13ClOS |
| —— | 1-Methyl-cyclopentylessigsaeurechlorid | 70079-83-3 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-2,16,16-Trimethyl-docosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoyl chloride | 1027150-24-8 | C25H41ClO |
| —— | (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-2,16,16-Trimethyl-tricosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoyl chloride | 1026007-11-3 | C26H43ClO |
| —— | (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-2,16-Dimethyl-docosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoyl chloride | 1027509-42-7 | C24H39ClO |
| —— | bromo[1-(14)C]acetyl chloride | 82896-34-2 | C2H2BrClO |
| —— | Acid chlorides, C8-14, beta-omega-perfluoro | 72623-70-2 | C8H7ClF8O |
| —— | Hexanedioyl dichloride, 2,2,4(or 2,4,4)-trimethyl- | 89982-04-7 | C9H14Cl2O2 |
| —— | (E)-(2R,3R)-4-Ethyl-3-methoxymethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-hepta-4,6-dienoyl chloride | 860613-36-1 | C13H21ClO3 |
| —— | 4-bromo-2-methylbutanoic acid chloride | 64805-72-7 | C5H8BrClO |
| —— | (2S,6E)-2,5,5-Trimethylnona-6,8-dienoyl chloride | 290812-20-3 | C12H19ClO |
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-2-methyl-hexanoyl chloride | 87428-83-9 | C7H13ClO |
| —— | 1,2-bis-fluorosulfatoperfluoro-3-methylpentanois acid fluoride | 143582-63-2 | C6F12O7S2 |
| —— | (+)-2(S)-bromopropionyl bromide | 87337-53-9 | C3H4Br2O |
| —— | 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)acryloyl chloride | 80421-81-4 | C7H13ClOSi |
| —— | chloride of/the/ L(-)-2-bromo-3.3-dimethyl-butyric acid | 29336-30-9 | C6H10BrClO |
| —— | 2-dodecyl-2-methylmalonic chloride | 87505-86-0 | C16H28Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-3-(trimethylgermyl)propionyl chloride | 112951-46-9 | C7H15ClGeO |
| —— | β-(trimethylgermyl)propionyl chloride | 112703-54-5 | C6H13ClGeO |
| —— | 2-butynoyl fluoride | 53620-27-2 | C4H3FO |
| —— | 3-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 768397-75-7 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | cis-2-Methyl-cyclohexan-1-carbonsaeure-chlorid | 13064-91-0 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | 2-(bromomethyl)acryloyl chloride | 110224-50-5 | C4H4BrClO |
| —— | (6R)-6-methyloctanoyl chloride | 1370032-50-0 | C9H17ClO |
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