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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机卤素化合物 酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。

    1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。

    2. 化学性质

    • 水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]

    • 亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]

    3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。

    • 药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。

    • 合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。

    总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-3-(trichlorogermyl)hex-4-enoyl chloride 114686-97-4 C6H8Cl4GeO
    (R)-3-(trichlorogermyl)hex-4-enoyl chloride
    —— Methyltrifluoromethylmalonylfluorid 60001-87-8 C5H3F5O2
    Methyltrifluoromethylmalonylfluorid
    —— <1-13C>hexanoyl chloride 91297-30-2 C6H11ClO
    <1-13C>hexanoyl chloride
    —— (1,1-Dimethylpropyl)malonylchlorid 5243-74-3 C8H12Cl2O2
    (1,1-Dimethylpropyl)malonylchlorid
    —— 7-methyl-6-oxooctanoyl chloride 1005460-28-5 C9H15ClO2
    7-methyl-6-oxooctanoyl chloride
    —— (E)-3-(2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-cyclobutyl)-acryloyl chloride 51504-31-5 C7H5ClF4O
    (E)-3-(2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-cyclobutyl)-acryloyl chloride
    —— 4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride 1118625-23-2 C15H25ClO
    4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2,5-dimethyl-hex-4-enoyl chloride 312962-13-3 C8H13ClO
    (2R)-2,5-dimethyl-hex-4-enoyl chloride
    —— ((1R,2S)-1-Bromo-2-ethoxy-cyclopropyl)-((1S,2R)-2-chloro-cyclopropyl)-methanone 122021-96-9 C9H12BrClO2
    ((1R,2S)-1-Bromo-2-ethoxy-cyclopropyl)-((1S,2R)-2-chloro-cyclopropyl)-methanone
    —— 3,4,4,4-tetrachloro-butyryl chloride 876510-79-1 C4H3Cl5O
    3,4,4,4-tetrachloro-butyryl chloride
    —— (E)-5,5,5-Trifluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-1-[2-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-propionyl)-cyclohex-3-enyl]-pent-1-en-3-one 25631-63-4 C16H12F12O2
    (E)-5,5,5-Trifluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-1-[2-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-propionyl)-cyclohex-3-enyl]-pent-1-en-3-one
    —— 2-Methyl-tridecanoyl chloride 859764-33-3 C14H27ClO
    2-Methyl-tridecanoyl chloride
    —— 2,3-Bis(difluoroamino)-2-methylpropanoyl chloride 16063-43-7 C4H5ClF4N2O
    2,3-Bis(difluoroamino)-2-methylpropanoyl chloride
    —— Perchlorhexadien-(1,3)-saeure-(6)-chlorid 24725-68-6 C6Cl8O
    Perchlorhexadien-(1,3)-saeure-(6)-chlorid
    —— 3-(1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-propyl)-adamantane-1-carbonyl chloride 86302-07-0 C14H15ClF6O
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    —— 6-bromoperfluorohexanoyl fluoride 128957-72-2 C6BrF11O
    6-bromoperfluorohexanoyl fluoride
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    Cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,2-dicarbonyl dichloride
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    —— Difluorpropargylaldehyd 691-49-6 C3F2O
    Difluorpropargylaldehyd
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    Cyclohepta-3,5,7-triene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride
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    2-isobutyl-adipoyl chloride
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    —— 3-[2,2-Bis-(2-chlorocarbonyl-ethoxymethyl)-butoxy]-propionyl chloride 78799-44-7 C15H23Cl3O6
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    —— 4-Ethylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carbonyl chloride 82935-22-6 C11H17ClO
    4-Ethylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carbonyl chloride
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    —— bromide of/the/ inactive 2-bromo-3-methyl-valeric acid 854660-25-6 C6H10Br2O
    bromide of/the/ inactive 2-bromo-3-methyl-valeric acid
    —— 5,5,6,6,6-pentadeuteriohexanoyl chloride 123167-41-9 C6H11ClO
    5,5,6,6,6-pentadeuteriohexanoyl chloride
    —— (E)-3-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-acryloyl chloride 120681-19-8 C10H11ClO
    (E)-3-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-acryloyl chloride
    —— Perchlorhexadien-(1,3)-saeure-(6)-amid 27846-87-3 C6H2Cl7NO
    Perchlorhexadien-(1,3)-saeure-(6)-amid
    —— 2-cyclohex-1-enyl-2-methyl-propionyl chloride 90173-13-0 C10H15ClO
    2-cyclohex-1-enyl-2-methyl-propionyl chloride
    —— nona-6,8-dienoyl chloride 73501-20-9 C9H13ClO
    nona-6,8-dienoyl chloride
    —— chlorure de l'acide methyl-3 norbornene-5 carboxylique-2 78507-12-7 C9H11ClO
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    —— 3-Chlor-2-methyl-2-methylmercapto-propionsaeurechlorid 20444-15-9 C5H8Cl2OS
    3-Chlor-2-methyl-2-methylmercapto-propionsaeurechlorid
    —— Bicyclo<3.3.2>decan-1-carbonsaeurechlorid 67064-24-8 C11H17ClO
    Bicyclo<3.3.2>decan-1-carbonsaeurechlorid
    —— trifluoro-acrylic acid-(1<i>H</i>,1<i>H</i>-heptafluoro-butyl ester) 424-65-7 C7H2F10O2
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    —— (2RS,4S)-2,4-dimethylhexanoyl chloride 101251-84-7 C8H15ClO
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