酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | tetrafluoro-3-(pentafluoro-ethoxy)-propionyl fluoride | 377-75-3 | C5F10O2 |
| —— | 2,3,4,4-Tetrachlor-3-butensaeurechlorid | 2892-48-0 | C4HCl5O |
| —— | tigloyl fluoride | 42887-56-9 | C5H7FO |
| —— | 2-ethyl-decanoyl chloride | 100246-63-7 | C12H23ClO |
| —— | bis-(cyclohexylmethyl)acetyl chloride | 188822-40-4 | C16H27ClO |
| —— | 3-Bromo-propionyl iodide | 79929-39-8 | C3H4BrIO |
| —— | 3-Iodo-propionyl iodide | 7623-17-8 | C3H4I2O |
| —— | (E)-4-octenedioyl chloride | 35696-04-9 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-Trifluormethylhexanoylchlorid | 67787-02-4 | C7H10ClF3O |
| —— | 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-valeryl chloride | 854660-13-2 | C9H17ClO |
| —— | 3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride | 1093750-92-5 | C6H6ClF3O |
| —— | 3-propylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carbonyl chloride | 271768-24-2 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 4-Methyl-penta-2,3-dienoyl chloride | 135102-84-0 | C6H7ClO |
| —— | 4-cyclohexylbuta-2,3-dienoyl chloride | 1027566-18-2 | C10H13ClO |
| —— | 6,6'-thiodihexanoyl dichloride | 1026491-01-9 | C12H20Cl2O2S |
| —— | 4-Diaethylmethylsilyl-butyrylchlorid | 20160-35-4 | C9H19ClOSi |
| —— | 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-Nonaoxatriacontanoyl fluoride, 2,4,4,5,7,7,8,10,10,11,13,13,14,16,16,17,19,19,20,22,22,23,25,25,26,28,28,29,29,30,30,30-dotriacontafluoro-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonakis(trifluoromethyl)- | 65150-88-1 | C30F60O10 |
| —— | (E)-4,4,4-trichlorobut-2-enoyl chloride | 24649-48-7 | C4H2Cl4O |
| —— | 6,6-difluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonyl chloride | 1093751-03-1 | C7H7ClF2O |
| —— | tetradecanoyl bromide | 83228-43-7 | C14H27BrO |
| —— | 2-(cyclopentoxy)acetyl chloride | 857570-45-7 | C7H11ClO2 |
| —— | (-)-(5S)-2,5,6,6-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 152944-60-0 | C11H17ClO |
| —— | α,β-Dibrom-perfluorpropionylchlorid | 17773-79-4 | C3Br2ClF3O |
| —— | Chlormethoxy-difluoracetylfluorid | 76492-95-0 | C3H2ClF3O2 |
| —— | 6,6'-oxybis(2,2-dimethylhexanoyl chloride) | 1239662-91-9 | C16H28Cl2O3 |
| —— | 3-Fluoro-2,2-bis-fluoromethyl-propionyl fluoride | 96301-55-2 | C5H6F4O |
| —— | Cyclohexen-3-ylacetylchlorid | 7086-71-7 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-3-methyl-heptanoyl chloride | 114182-64-8 | C8H15ClO |
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-3-methyl-octanoyl chloride | 114182-67-1 | C9H17ClO |
| —— | (<i>S</i>)-4-methyl-heptanoyl chloride | 64687-39-4 | C8H15ClO |
| —— | 2-cyanopropanoyl chloride | 4158-25-2 | C4H4ClNO |
| —— | ω-Hydroperfluorocaprylfluorid | 14042-24-1 | C8HF15O |
| —— | 3-cyclohexyl-butyryl chloride | 84855-49-2 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pentanoyl fluoride | 67406-03-5 | C6F12O |
| —— | (S)-2-(allyloxy)propanoyl chloride | 147775-47-1 | C6H9ClO2 |
| —— | Cyclohexancarbonsaeure-jodid | 79929-36-5 | C7H11IO |
| —— | (E)-Octadec-11-enoyl chloride | —— | C18H33ClO |
| —— | 3-(2-chloroethoxy)propanoyl chloride | 864296-93-5 | C5H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | Fluorosulfuric acid 2-chlorocarbonyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethyl ester | 110072-13-4 | C3ClF5O4S |
| —— | 2,4-dimethylglutaroyl dichloride | 89209-01-8 | C7H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic dichloride | 60901-05-5 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-Fluor-1-adamantancarbonylchlorid | 69751-93-5 | C11H14ClFO |
| —— | 2-chloro-3-methoxypropanoyl chloride | 56001-26-4 | C4H6Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propanoyl chloride | 1196691-52-7 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | 2-Methylene-nonanoyl chloride | 172687-07-9 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 15-methoxy-1(10),13E-ent-halimadien-18-oyl chloride | 613680-62-9 | C21H33ClO2 |
| —— | α-Propin-(2)-ylmercapto-isobuttersaeure-chlorid | 89856-88-2 | C7H9ClOS |
| —— | (2E,4E)-Octadeca-2,4-dienoyl chloride | 111076-75-6 | C18H31ClO |
| —— | 2-cyanocyclohexylideneacetyl chloride | 113001-98-2 | C9H10ClNO |
| —— | (R)-(-)-3-methylpentanoic acid chloride | 287734-99-0 | C6H11ClO |
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