酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3,3-difluorohexanoyl chloride | 175286-60-9 | C6H9ClF2O |
|
| —— | (3S)-4-chloro-3-methylbutanoyl chloride | 123426-12-0 | C5H8Cl2O |
|
| —— | (trichlorogermyl)acetyl chloride | 86820-70-4 | C2H2Cl4GeO |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-Dodecafluoro-heptanoyl iodide | 137741-05-0 | C7HF12IO |
|
| —— | (S)-2,3,3-trimethylbutanoyl chloride | 87569-05-9 | C7H13ClO |
|
| —— | bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonyl chloride | 1093750-90-3 | C7H9ClO |
|
| —— | 6-bromo-5,5,6,6-tetrafluorohexanoyl chloride | 1091592-83-4 | C6H6BrClF4O |
|
| —— | Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3-carbonyl chloride | 922497-06-1 | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | 3-heptyloxy-propionyl chloride | 40256-42-6 | C10H19ClO2 |
|
| —— | Heptadec-16-enoyl chloride | 156573-72-7 | C17H31ClO |
|
| —— | 3-chloro-2-D-methylpropanoyl chloride | 80141-50-0 | C4H6Cl2O |
|
| —— | 14-(trimethylsilyl)tetradecanoyl chloride | 109636-06-8 | C17H35ClOSi |
|
| —— | 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9 Dodecafluoro-1,12-dodecanedioyl-dichloride | 133024-25-6 | C12H8Cl2F12O2 |
|
| —— | 2-cyclohexene-1-carbonyl chloride | 52163-18-5 | C7H9ClO |
|
| —— | (S)-2-propoxypropanoyl chloride | 120675-25-4 | C6H11ClO2 |
|
| —— | α-Chlor-β-chlorsulfenylisobutyrylchlorid | 14274-18-1 | C4H5Cl3OS |
|
| —— | α,β-dichloro-β-(chlorosulfenyl)isobutyroyl chloride | 76368-78-0 | C4H4Cl4OS |
|
| —— | CF3(CF2)3(CH2CF2)CF2COF | 1010119-07-9 | C8H2F14O |
|
| —— | α(R)-methylcyclohexanepropionic acid chloride | 186900-66-3 | C10H17ClO |
|
| —— | (2E,4E,6E,8R,10S,12E,14R)-8,10,12,14-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,12-tetraenoyl chloride | 778640-36-1 | C20H31ClO |
|
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-2-cyclohexyl-propionic acid-chloride | 116505-07-8 | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | tetrafluoro-3-(pentafluoro-ethoxy)-propionyl fluoride | 377-75-3 | C5F10O2 |
|
| —— | 2,3,4,4-Tetrachlor-3-butensaeurechlorid | 2892-48-0 | C4HCl5O |
|
| —— | tigloyl fluoride | 42887-56-9 | C5H7FO |
|
| —— | 2-ethyl-decanoyl chloride | 100246-63-7 | C12H23ClO |
|
| —— | bis-(cyclohexylmethyl)acetyl chloride | 188822-40-4 | C16H27ClO |
|
| —— | 3-Bromo-propionyl iodide | 79929-39-8 | C3H4BrIO |
|
| —— | 3-Iodo-propionyl iodide | 7623-17-8 | C3H4I2O |
|
| —— | (E)-4-octenedioyl chloride | 35696-04-9 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 2-Trifluormethylhexanoylchlorid | 67787-02-4 | C7H10ClF3O |
|
| —— | 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-valeryl chloride | 854660-13-2 | C9H17ClO |
|
| —— | 3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride | 1093750-92-5 | C6H6ClF3O |
|
| —— | 3-propylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carbonyl chloride | 271768-24-2 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | 4-Methyl-penta-2,3-dienoyl chloride | 135102-84-0 | C6H7ClO |
|
| —— | 4-cyclohexylbuta-2,3-dienoyl chloride | 1027566-18-2 | C10H13ClO |
|
| —— | 6,6'-thiodihexanoyl dichloride | 1026491-01-9 | C12H20Cl2O2S |
|
| —— | 4-Diaethylmethylsilyl-butyrylchlorid | 20160-35-4 | C9H19ClOSi |
|
| —— | 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-Nonaoxatriacontanoyl fluoride, 2,4,4,5,7,7,8,10,10,11,13,13,14,16,16,17,19,19,20,22,22,23,25,25,26,28,28,29,29,30,30,30-dotriacontafluoro-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonakis(trifluoromethyl)- | 65150-88-1 | C30F60O10 |
|
| —— | (E)-4,4,4-trichlorobut-2-enoyl chloride | 24649-48-7 | C4H2Cl4O |
|
| —— | 6,6-difluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonyl chloride | 1093751-03-1 | C7H7ClF2O |
|
| —— | tetradecanoyl bromide | 83228-43-7 | C14H27BrO |
|
| —— | 2-(cyclopentoxy)acetyl chloride | 857570-45-7 | C7H11ClO2 |
|
| —— | (-)-(5S)-2,5,6,6-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 152944-60-0 | C11H17ClO |
|
| —— | α,β-Dibrom-perfluorpropionylchlorid | 17773-79-4 | C3Br2ClF3O |
|
| —— | Chlormethoxy-difluoracetylfluorid | 76492-95-0 | C3H2ClF3O2 |
|
| —— | 6,6'-oxybis(2,2-dimethylhexanoyl chloride) | 1239662-91-9 | C16H28Cl2O3 |
|
| —— | 3-Fluoro-2,2-bis-fluoromethyl-propionyl fluoride | 96301-55-2 | C5H6F4O |
|
| —— | Cyclohexen-3-ylacetylchlorid | 7086-71-7 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-3-methyl-heptanoyl chloride | 114182-64-8 | C8H15ClO |
|
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-3-methyl-octanoyl chloride | 114182-67-1 | C9H17ClO |
|
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