酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | octacosanoyl chloride | 115863-79-1 | C28H55ClO |
| —— | 2-Cyclohexylmethyl-butyryl chloride | 84855-48-1 | C11H19ClO |
| —— | 2-isopropyl-2,3,3-trimethyl-butyryl chloride | 67029-96-3 | C10H19ClO |
| —— | endo-7-chlorobicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carbaldehyde | 928622-28-0 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | [2-13C]acetyl fluoride | 420-29-1 | C2H3FO |
| —— | 2-(3-Chloro-propyl)-hept-6-enoyl chloride | 935474-11-6 | C10H16Cl2O |
| —— | 3-Brom-2-ethylpropionsaeurebromid | 56970-81-1 | C5H8Br2O |
| —— | 2-methyl-1-cyclopentenecarbonyl chloride | 59253-86-0 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | 5-{2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(Difluoro-fluorocarbonyl-methoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy]-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy}-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy]-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy}-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-pentanoyl fluoride | 60127-05-1 | C17F32O8 |
| —— | 7-Cyano-heptanoyl chloride | 119280-29-4 | C8H12ClNO |
| —— | Tri-isobutylessigsaeurechlorid | 60469-52-5 | C14H27ClO |
| —— | (Z)-2-Methyl-1-pentenyl Chloroformate | 130200-26-9 | C7H11ClO2 |
| —— | 2-Bromo-2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-butyryl fluoride | 54408-59-2 | C4HBrF6O |
| —— | (E)-6-Methyl-4-(2-methyl-allyl)-hepta-2,6-dienoyl chloride | 95018-91-0 | C12H17ClO |
| —— | Difluoro(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-iodoethoxy)acetyl fluoride | 80016-48-4 | C4F7IO2 |
| —— | 2-(2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl)-octanoyl chloride | 20145-62-4 | C10H16Cl4O |
| —— | [2H35]-stearoyl chloride | 125941-89-1 | C18H35ClO |
| —— | 3-butyl-3-propyloctanoyl chloride | 115858-32-7 | C15H29ClO |
| —— | 2-((1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoro-methyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)acetyl chloride | 1214741-91-9 | C6H2ClF9O2 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-butyryl fluoride | 654-43-3 | C6H11FO |
| —— | 2,2,4,4,4-Pentachlorbuttersaeurechlorid | 72060-97-0 | C4H2Cl6O |
| —— | 8-Heptafluoroisopropoxy-perfluorooctanoic acid fluoride | 26304-03-0 | C11F22O2 |
| —— | 29312-35-4 | C11H18F3NOS | |
| —— | (E)-2-Methyl-1-pentenyl Chloroformate | 119126-41-9 | C7H11ClO2 |
| —— | 5-[2-(2-{2-[2-(Difluoro-fluorocarbonyl-methoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy]-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy}-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy]-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-pentanoyl fluoride | 60127-04-0 | C15F28O7 |
| —— | 60127-06-2 | C19F36O9 | |
| —— | 3-(F-pentyl)-propanoyl chloride | 118624-65-0 | C8H4ClF11O |
| —— | trans-4-Nonylcyclohexancarbonsaeurechlorid | 74225-27-7 | C16H29ClO |
| —— | Bis-chlordifluormethyl-brom-acetylchlorid | 52427-98-2 | C4BrCl3F4O |
| —— | [(S)-2-Methyl-cyclohex-(Z)-ylidene]-acetyl chloride | 85114-26-7 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 3-(3-Cyclohexen-1-yl)-propionsaeurechlorid | 22482-52-6 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 2-(1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)acetyl chloride | 147122-82-5 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 4-Bromo-2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-propoxy)-butyryl fluoride | 72266-22-9 | C10BrF19O3 |
| —— | 8,10-heneicosadiynoic acid chloride | 902760-24-1 | C21H33ClO |
| —— | Difluoro-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-{1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-pentafluoroethyloxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-acetyl fluoride | 13259-00-2 | C12F24O6 |
| —— | 1214741-86-2 | C6H5ClF6O2 | |
| —— | Perfluormethylmalonylfluorid | 42139-56-0 | C4F6O2 |
| —— | 1-cyclohexylidene-1-fluorooctan-2-one | 1262631-17-3 | C14H23FO |
| —— | 2,9-dimethyldecanedioyl dichloride | 1383562-41-1 | C12H20Cl2O2 |
| —— | 5-iodohex-5-enoyl chloride | 865668-30-0 | C6H8ClIO |
| —— | (2E)-octa-2,7-dienoyl chloride | 1042908-26-8 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | 3-(trans-4-n-propylcyclohexyl)-propionyl chloride | 121680-08-8 | C12H21ClO |
| —— | (R)-3-(2-Methyl-allyloxy)-butyryl chloride | 113522-49-9 | C8H13ClO2 |
| —— | 3-perfluoropentyl-3-fluoro-(Z)-propenoyl chloride | 161094-78-6 | C8HClF12O |
| —— | decane-4,6-diynoic acid chloride | 902759-79-9 | C10H11ClO |
| —— | 4-Heptafluoroisopropoxy-perfluorobutanoic acid fluoride | 32435-29-3 | C7F14O2 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-bromo-hexanoyl chloride | 855920-51-3 | C8H14BrClO |
| —— | 4-pentylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 67589-90-6 | C12H21ClO |
| —— | 3,3'-((1R,2S)-3,3-dibromocyclopropane-1,2-diyl)dipropanoyl chloride | 1374569-24-0 | C9H10Br2Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dipropyl-2-cyclopropene-1-carbonyl chloride | 7123-84-4 | C10H15ClO |