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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机卤素化合物 酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。

    1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。

    2. 化学性质

    • 水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]

    • 亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]

    3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。

    • 药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。

    • 合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。

    总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
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