酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | oleoyl fluoride | 1081517-35-2 | C18H33FO |
| —— | 3-pentylcyclobutanecarboxylic acid chloride | 114987-41-6 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | (2E)-4-methylpenta-2,4-dienoyl chloride | 66343-30-4 | C6H7ClO |
| —— | 6-iodohexanoyl chloride | 14500-34-6 | C6H10ClIO |
| —— | 4,4,4-tribromobutyric acid chloride | 71187-99-0 | C4H4Br3ClO |
| —— | 3,6-dimethyl-hepta-2,6-dienoyl chloride | 104923-38-8 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | oct-7-enoyl chloride | 101639-95-6 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | (1S,6S)-4,6-dimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 1314795-31-7 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 2-bromo-3-cyclopentyl-propionyl chloride | 1191455-56-7 | C8H12BrClO |
| —— | 2,3,4,4,4-pentachloro-butyryl chloride | 61897-73-2 | C4H2Cl6O |
| —— | 2-cyclobutylideneacetyl chloride | 1579958-47-6 | C6H7ClO |
| —— | [carbonyl-11C]cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 209123-08-0 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | Perfluoro-4-oxa-5-hexenoic acid fluoride | 35641-96-4 | C5F8O2 |
| —— | 4-butylcyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 67679-84-9 | C11H19ClO |
| —— | 4-(4-n-butylcyclohexyl)methylcyclohexane carboxylic acid chloride | 104480-32-2 | C18H31ClO |
| —— | 3-Fluoro-2-(fluoromethyl)-2-methylpropanoyl fluoride | 96301-53-0 | C5H7F3O |
| —— | 2-bromo-valeryl bromide | 54888-12-9 | C5H8Br2O |
| —— | (2R,3S)-2-fluoro-3-methylpentanoic acid chloride | 133983-32-1 | C6H10ClFO |
| —— | 2,4,4-Tris-(trifluormethyl)-2,3-butadiencarbonsaeurefluorid | 13889-85-5 | C7F10O |
| —— | 2-bromo-3-methyl-valeryl chloride | 86382-33-4 | C6H10BrClO |
| —— | opt.inakt. 2-Methyl-cyclobutan-1-carbonsaeure-chlorid | 90150-79-1 | C6H9ClO |
| —— | 3-(chloro-ethyl-phosphinoyl)-propionyl chloride | 2071-63-8 | C5H9Cl2O2P |
| —— | 4-methoxy-4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 1037834-28-8 | C9H15ClO2 |
| —— | 6-octynoic acid chloride | 405159-94-6 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | 5-dodecyl-3-oxanonadecanoyl chloride | 264135-34-4 | C30H59ClO2 |
| —— | α-bromo-tert-butylacetyl chloride | 1221402-07-8 | C6H10BrClO |
| —— | (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethanoyl chloride | 113674-50-3 | C4H4ClF3O2 |
| —— | Nonadecan-1,19-disaeuredichlorid | 101678-99-3 | C19H34Cl2O2 |
| —— | trans-3-decenoic acid chloride | 124576-42-7 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 4-chloro-but-2-enoyl chloride | 24806-06-2 | C4H4Cl2O |
| —— | 2-methyl-5-norbornene-2-carbonyl chloride | 39198-49-7 | C9H11ClO |
| —— | (2E,4Z)-2,4-hexadienoyl chloride | 171737-31-8 | C6H7ClO |
| —— | 2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradecan-14-oyl chloride | 848442-01-3 | C10H19ClO5 |
| —— | 2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanecarbonyl chloride | 96188-83-9 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 4-fluoro-butyryl chloride | 692-25-1 | C4H6ClFO |
| —— | (Prop-2-ynylthio)acetic acid chloride | 39585-05-2 | C5H5ClOS |
| —— | hepta-5,6-dienoyl chloride | 457060-27-4 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | cyclooctyl-acetyl chloride | 67657-72-1 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 6(4-Chlorobutoxy)-2,2-dimethylhexanoyl chloride | 1239662-83-9 | C12H22Cl2O2 |
| —— | 1-tert-Butylcyclohexansaeurechlorid | 35618-41-8 | C11H19ClO |
| —— | 2-sec-butoxyethanoyl chloride | 56680-73-0 | C6H11ClO2 |
| —— | 2-Chloro-2-(3,5,7-trimethyl-1-adamantyl)acetyl chloride | 40193-21-3 | C15H22Cl2O |
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-4-methyl-hexanoyl chloride | 70432-01-8 | C7H13ClO |
| —— | 1-Isopropyl-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-chlorid | 2890-41-7 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 2,2-dichloropentanoyl chloride | 41718-49-4 | C5H7Cl3O |
| —— | (1S,6S)-6-methylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 92284-36-1 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | 5-methoxypentanoyl chloride | 96720-53-5 | C6H11ClO2 |
| —— | 2-Fluor-butyrylchlorid | 2027-81-8 | C4H6ClFO |
| —— | 3-bromo-2,2,4-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene carbonyl chloride | 185851-20-1 | C10H14BrClO |
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-3-methyl-hexanoyl chloride | 63707-87-9 | C7H13ClO |
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