酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-fluoro-hexanoyl chloride | 661-00-7 | C6H10ClFO |
|
| —— | 2,2-propanopentanoyl chloride | 58148-18-8 | C8H13ClO |
|
| —— | 2,4-methanoheptanoyl chloride | 69615-41-4 | C8H13ClO |
|
| —— | 2-bromo-4-methylvaleryl bromide | 74204-03-8 | C6H10Br2O |
|
| —— | oleoyl fluoride | 1480-60-0 | C18H33FO |
|
| —— | triethylsilylacetic acid chloride | 23138-88-7 | C8H17ClOSi |
|
| —— | (+/-)-Dihydrocitronellic acid chloride | 53838-48-5 | C10H19ClO |
|
| —— | 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoic acid chloride | 71026-99-8 | C3HBrClF3O |
|
| —— | 3-amino-3-cyclohexyl-DL-propionyl chloride | 53030-52-7 | C9H16ClNO |
|
| —— | dichloropropionyl chloride | 17880-86-3 | C3H3Cl3O |
|
| —— | (E)-2,4-Dimethyl-2-pentenoic acid chloride | 89609-13-2 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | (E)-2-methyldec-2-enoyl chloride | 299190-85-5 | C11H19ClO |
|
| —— | (E)-2-bromobut-2-enoyl chloride | 112181-96-1 | C4H4BrClO |
|
| —— | (E)-2-methyl-2-hexenoyl chloride | 111505-05-6 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoyl chloride | 55764-37-9 | C6H9ClO |
|
| —— | (E)-2-ethyl-2-butenoyl chloride | 89609-12-1 | C6H9ClO |
|
| —— | (R)-2-Bromo-4-methyl-pentanoyl chloride | —— | C6H10BrClO |
|
| —— | 2-methyloctanoyl chloride | 43152-88-1 | C9H17ClO |
|
| —— | 2,2-Dibrom-propionylbromid | 51714-76-2 | C3H3Br3O |
|
| —— | (3-chloroadamantan-1-yl)acetyl chloride | 1257096-47-1 | C12H16Cl2O |
|
| —— | (R)-(2-cyclohexen-1-yl)acetyl chloride | 133775-35-6 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | hexa-2,4-dienoyl chloride | 90554-82-8 | C6H7ClO |
|
| —— | cyanomethylmercapto acetyl chloride | 52069-55-3 | C4H4ClNOS |
|
| —— | (3S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoyl chloride | 1352244-06-4 | C8H16ClNO |
|
| —— | 3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoyl chloride | 1360871-06-2 | C8H16ClNO |
|
| —— | 5-cyclooctenecarbonyl chloride | 15973-61-2 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanedioic acid difluoride | 13140-20-0 | C6F10O3 |
|
| —— | Perfluoro(3-propoxypropionyl) fluoride | 356-61-6 | C6F12O2 |
|
| —— | 2-(chloromethyl)-4-methylvaleryl chloride | 76789-52-1 | C7H12Cl2O |
|
| —— | 3,3-dimethylpent-4-enoic acid chloride | 88819-78-7 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | 3-aminopropionyl chloride | 5722-81-6 | C3H6ClNO |
|
| —— | 2-methyl-4,4,4-trifluorobutyryl chloride | 136564-78-8 | C5H6ClF3O |
|
| —— | oleoyl chloride | 7378-94-1 | C18H33ClO |
|
| —— | 2-bromo-2-propyl-valeryl bromide | 63718-61-6 | C8H14Br2O |
|
| —— | <1-14C>pivaloyl chloride | 98160-27-1 | C5H9ClO |
|
| —— | α,α-Dimethylpalmitinsaeurechlorid | 85216-72-4 | C18H35ClO |
|
| —— | 5-α-Bromisocapronsaeurechlorid | 28659-88-3 | C6H10BrClO |
|
| —— | (2S)-2-chloro-4-methylpentanoic acid | 28659-82-7 | C6H10Cl2O |
|
| —— | 3,3,3-trifluoropropionyl fluoride | 85345-75-1 | C3H2F4O |
|
| —— | (4'-methylcyclohex-3'-ene-1-'-yl)carbonyl chloride | 16695-95-7 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | stearoyl fluoride | 1511-79-1 | C18H35FO |
|
| —— | (E)-3-cyclohexylacryloyl chloride | 52331-62-1 | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | trans-4-Chlor-buten-(3)-saeure-(1)-chlorid | 89033-90-9 | C4H4Cl2O |
|
| —— | 9-decenoyl chloride | 116902-88-6 | C10H17ClO |
|
| —— | 3-methylbut-3-enoyl chloride | 3350-77-4 | C5H7ClO |
|
| —— | 3,3-bis-chlorocarbonylmethyl-pentanedioyl chloride | 78326-60-0 | C9H8Cl4O4 |
|
| —— | 11-(F-butyl)-undecanoyl chloride | 118624-68-3 | C15H20ClF9O |
|
| —— | CHCl2OCHClCOCl | 124948-12-5 | C3H2Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | sebacoyl fluoride | 1543-85-7 | C10H16F2O2 |
|
| —— | undecanedioyl dichloride | 45165-01-3 | C11H18Cl2O2 |
|
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