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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机卤素化合物 酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。

    1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。

    2. 化学性质

    • 水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]

    • 亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]

    3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。

    • 药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。

    • 合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。

    总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 7H-Perfluoroheptanoyl bromide —— C7HBrF12O
    7H-Perfluoroheptanoyl bromide
    —— 4-Methylhex-5-ynoyl chloride —— C7H9ClO
    4-Methylhex-5-ynoyl chloride
    —— 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentanoyl Iodide —— C5HF8IO
    2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentanoyl Iodide
    —— Nonafluoropentanoyl bromide 159623-35-5 C5BrF9O
    Nonafluoropentanoyl bromide
    —— 1,2-Difluoroethane;tetrafluoromethane;3,3,5-trifluoropentanoyl chloride —— C8H10ClF9O
    1,2-Difluoroethane;tetrafluoromethane;3,3,5-trifluoropentanoyl chloride
    —— hept-2-enoyl chloride —— C7H11ClO
    hept-2-enoyl chloride
    —— 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8-pentadecafluorooctane;2-[(E)-2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-7-(2-oxoethoxy)dec-5-en-4-yl]oxyacetyl fluoride —— C26H34F16O4
    1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8-pentadecafluorooctane;2-[(E)-2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-7-(2-oxoethoxy)dec-5-en-4-yl]oxyacetyl fluoride
    —— 3-Chloropropanoyl chloride;ethane —— C5H10Cl2O
    3-Chloropropanoyl chloride;ethane
    —— 4-(4-Carbonochloridoylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene-1-carbonyl chloride;ethane —— C16H20Cl2O2
    4-(4-Carbonochloridoylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene-1-carbonyl chloride;ethane
    —— 3-Methylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1,3,7-tricarbonyl chloride —— C13H15Cl3O3
    3-Methylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1,3,7-tricarbonyl chloride
    —— Deca-6,8-dienoyl chloride —— C10H15ClO
    Deca-6,8-dienoyl chloride
    —— 2-chloroprop-2-enoyl chloride —— C3HCl2O-
    2-chloroprop-2-enoyl chloride
    —— (E)-2-ethyl-5-iminopent-2-enoyl chloride —— C7H10ClNO
    (E)-2-ethyl-5-iminopent-2-enoyl chloride
    —— 2-Fluoro-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yloxy)acetyl fluoride —— C5H2F8O2
    2-Fluoro-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yloxy)acetyl fluoride
    —— Ethoxyethane;(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-oxoethyl) hypofluorite —— C6H10F4O3
    Ethoxyethane;(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-oxoethyl) hypofluorite
    —— 2-Fluoroacetyl fluoride;[2-(2-fluoro-2-oxoethoxy)cyclohexyl] hypofluorite —— C10H14F4O4
    2-Fluoroacetyl fluoride;[2-(2-fluoro-2-oxoethoxy)cyclohexyl] hypofluorite
    —— 3-Iminopropanoyl fluoride —— C3H4FNO
    3-Iminopropanoyl fluoride
    —— 3-[(2-Methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]propanoyl fluoride —— C7H13FO2
    3-[(2-Methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]propanoyl fluoride
    —— Docosa-2,4,6-trienoyl chloride —— C22H37ClO
    Docosa-2,4,6-trienoyl chloride
    —— Formaldehyde;hexadecanoyl chloride —— C17H33ClO2
    Formaldehyde;hexadecanoyl chloride
    —— 3,3,3-Trichloropropionyl fluoride —— C3H2Cl3FO
    3,3,3-Trichloropropionyl fluoride
    —— (2E)-2-[(Z)-3-chloroprop-1-enyl]penta-2,4-dienoyl chloride —— C8H8Cl2O
    (2E)-2-[(Z)-3-chloroprop-1-enyl]penta-2,4-dienoyl chloride
    —— 1,8a-Dihydronaphthalene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C11H9ClO
    1,8a-Dihydronaphthalene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— Argon;2-chloropropanoyl chloride —— C3H4ArCl2O
    Argon;2-chloropropanoyl chloride
    —— Cyclopentane-1,1-dicarbonyl bromide —— C7H8Br2O2
    Cyclopentane-1,1-dicarbonyl bromide
    —— Cyclobutane-1,1-dicarbonyl bromide —— C6H6Br2O2
    Cyclobutane-1,1-dicarbonyl bromide
    —— (2E,4Z)-2-ethylhexa-2,4-dienoyl chloride —— C8H11ClO
    (2E,4Z)-2-ethylhexa-2,4-dienoyl chloride
    —— (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl bromide —— C18H31BrO
    (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl bromide
    —— 2-Phosphorosoacetyl chloride —— C2H2ClO2P
    2-Phosphorosoacetyl chloride
    —— (Z)-icos-9-enoyl chloride —— C20H37ClO
    (Z)-icos-9-enoyl chloride
    —— 1-(Fluoromethyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C6H8ClFO
    1-(Fluoromethyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— [3-Carbonofluoridoyl-1,1,2,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butyl] hypofluorite —— C6F12O2
    [3-Carbonofluoridoyl-1,1,2,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butyl] hypofluorite
    —— 3-Aminopropanoyl iodide —— C3H6INO
    3-Aminopropanoyl iodide
    —— 8-Ethynylcyclotetradecane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C17H27ClO
    8-Ethynylcyclotetradecane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— 4-Sulfanylbutanoyl iodide —— C4H7IOS
    4-Sulfanylbutanoyl iodide
    —— 7-Methylcyclotridecane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C15H27ClO
    7-Methylcyclotridecane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— 2,5-Dichlorocyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carbonyl chloride —— C7H5Cl3O
    2,5-Dichlorocyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2E,4E,6Z)-deca-2,4,6-trienoyl chloride —— C10H13ClO
    (2E,4E,6Z)-deca-2,4,6-trienoyl chloride
    —— 2-Ethyl-7-phosphanylnonanoyl chloride —— C11H22ClOP
    2-Ethyl-7-phosphanylnonanoyl chloride
    —— Tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]non-2-ene-5-carbonyl chloride —— C10H11ClO
    Tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]non-2-ene-5-carbonyl chloride
    —— 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-hexanoyl chloride —— C12H23ClO
    2-Butyl-2-ethyl-hexanoyl chloride
    —— 2,2-Diethylhexanoyl chloride —— C10H19ClO
    2,2-Diethylhexanoyl chloride
    —— 2,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-Octafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pentanoyl fluoride —— C6F12O
    2,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-Octafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pentanoyl fluoride
    —— (5E,8E,11E)-icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl chloride —— C20H33ClO
    (5E,8E,11E)-icosa-5,8,11-trienoyl chloride
    —— 2-Ethylhexa-3,5-diynoyl chloride —— C8H7ClO
    2-Ethylhexa-3,5-diynoyl chloride
    —— 2-(3-Methylcyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)acetyl chloride —— C9H11ClO
    2-(3-Methylcyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)acetyl chloride
    —— Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride;hexadecanoyl chloride —— C24H40Cl2O2
    Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride;hexadecanoyl chloride
    —— (E)-4-chlorohex-4-enoyl chloride —— C6H8Cl2O
    (E)-4-chlorohex-4-enoyl chloride
    —— 3-Methylcyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarbonyl chloride —— C9H8Cl2O2
    3-Methylcyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarbonyl chloride
    —— Acetyl chloride;argon —— C2H3ArClO
    Acetyl chloride;argon