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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机卤素化合物 酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。

    1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。

    2. 化学性质

    • 水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]

    • 亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]

    3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。

    • 药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。

    • 合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。

    总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— heptadec-9-enoyl chloride 136897-39-7 C17H31ClO
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    —— 5-(F-hexyl)pentanoyl chloride 134052-05-4 C11H8ClF13O
    5-(F-hexyl)pentanoyl chloride
    —— 2-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Heptadecafluoro-decylsulfanyl)-octanoyl chloride 220072-78-6 C18H18ClF17OS
    2-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Heptadecafluoro-decylsulfanyl)-octanoyl chloride
    —— 4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl chloride 55930-23-9 C8H13ClO
    4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl chloride
    —— 6.8-Dichloroctanoylchlorid 41443-61-2 C8H13Cl3O
    6.8-Dichloroctanoylchlorid
    —— 2,9-Dibromodecanedioyl dichloride 334695-96-4 C10H14Br2Cl2O2
    2,9-Dibromodecanedioyl dichloride
    —— α-<Cyclohexen-1-yl>-butyrylchlorid 7195-76-8 C10H15ClO
    α-<Cyclohexen-1-yl>-butyrylchlorid
    —— Butanedioic diiodide 81721-92-8 C4H4I2O2
    Butanedioic diiodide
    —— 1-Methyl-cyclopenten-4-carbonsaeurechlorid 83186-99-6 C7H9ClO
    1-Methyl-cyclopenten-4-carbonsaeurechlorid
    —— 3-Brom-2,2-dipropyl-caproylchlorid 25744-83-6 C12H22BrClO
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    2-(2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl)-hexanoyl chloride
    —— 4-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Heptadecafluoro-decylsulfanyl)-butyryl chloride 220072-73-1 C14H10ClF17OS
    4-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Heptadecafluoro-decylsulfanyl)-butyryl chloride
    —— (E)-1-(7,7-Dichloro-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1-yl)-but-2-en-1-one 51332-62-8 C11H14Cl2O
    (E)-1-(7,7-Dichloro-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1-yl)-but-2-en-1-one
    —— 2,2-Di-n-propylvaleriansaeurechlorid 52061-78-6 C11H21ClO
    2,2-Di-n-propylvaleriansaeurechlorid
    —— 4,4,4-Trichlor-2,3-dibrom-crotonsaeurebromid 19429-61-9 C4Br3Cl3O
    4,4,4-Trichlor-2,3-dibrom-crotonsaeurebromid
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    (E)-3-(4-Methyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-acryloyl chloride
    —— 5-(5-Chloro-5-oxopentoxy)pentanoyl chloride 1296138-92-5 C10H16Cl2O3
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    (1-methylcyclopropyl)acetyl chloride
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    —— (Z)-2-Propyl-2-pentensaeurechlorid 33786-49-1 C8H13ClO
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    —— Difluoro-{1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-{1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-pentafluoroethyloxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetyl fluoride 27617-20-5 C16F32O8
    Difluoro-{1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-{1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-pentafluoroethyloxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetyl fluoride
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    —— (S)-3,7-dimethyloctanoyl chloride 1217367-82-2 C10H19ClO
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    —— acid chlorid of 3-chlorohexen-4-oic-1-acid 20266-59-5 C6H8Cl2O
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    —— 2-Chlor-1-chlorformyltetrafluorcyclobuten 41169-52-2 C5Cl2F4O
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