酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,2R,3R,5R,6R)-3-fluorotricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]non-7-ene-3-carbonyl fluoride | —— | C10H10F2O |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H10ClNO |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,5S)-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1R)-1,3-dimethylcyclohepta-2,4,6-triene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,6S)-bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2S)-2-ethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,3S)-3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H10ClF3O |
|
| —— | (1R,3R)-3-chlorocyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C6H8Cl2O |
|
| —— | (1S,3S)-3-chloro-3-methylcyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C7H10Cl2O |
|
| —— | (2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2E)-2-(cyanomethylidene)cyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H8ClNO |
|
| —— | (1R)-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2S)-2-methylcyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-7-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | (2R,3S)-3-propan-2-ylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H19ClO |
|
| —— | (1S)-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,3S)-3-chlorocyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C6H8Cl2O |
|
| —— | (1R,3aR,6aR)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydropentalene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1S)-3-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-methylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (4R)-4-propylcyclohexene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (2R,6R)-2,6-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S)-2-butylcycloprop-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (4R)-4-methylcyclohexene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,6S)-1,4,6-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydropentalene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2S)-1,2-Dimethyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | —— | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,3S)-3-chlorocyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C6H8Cl2O |
|
| —— | (1R)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydropentalene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,4S)-3-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1R)-1-methyl-2-methylidenecyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1S)-1,3,4-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2Z)-2-(cyanomethylidene)cyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H8ClNO |
|
| —— | (1R)-1,3,4-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C10H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1S)-cyclooct-4-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,4S)-2-fluorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl fluoride | —— | C8H8F2O |
|
| —— | (1R)-2,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | (1R)-cyclooct-4-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C9H13ClO |
|
| —— | (1R)-1,3-dimethylcyclopent-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2E)-2-(cyanomethylidene)cyclopentane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H8ClNO |
|
| —— | (2S,3R)-3-propan-2-ylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C12H19ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,3S)-3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H10ClF3O |
|
| —— | (1S,2S)-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl fluoride | —— | C9H15FO |
|
| —— | (1S)-1-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (1S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | (1R,2R)-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl fluoride | —— | C9H15FO |
|
| —— | (1R,2R)-2-methylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | (4S)-4-methylcyclohexene-1-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H11ClO |
|
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