酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-Chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorobutanoyl chloride | 111835-69-9 | C4Cl2F6O |
|
| —— | 3-(2-methoxyethyloxy)propionyl chloride | 62593-46-8 | C6H11ClO3 |
|
| —— | 2-Butyldecanoyl chloride | 77748-03-9 | C14H27ClO |
|
| —— | 2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,8,8-Undecafluor-3,5,7,8-tetrachlor-octansaeurechlorid | 647-14-3 | C8Cl5F11O |
|
| —— | methyl 3,3-dimethylpentanoyl chloride | 934270-79-8 | C8H15ClO |
|
| —— | 2,2,3-Trifluor-dichlor-propionylchlorid | 13045-20-0 | C3Cl3F3O |
|
| —— | α-Chlormethylbutyrylchlorid | 23228-10-6 | C5H8Cl2O |
|
| —— | 3-Chloro-2-methylbutanoyl chloride | 90631-67-7 | C5H8Cl2O |
|
| —— | 2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl chloride | 66880-78-2 | C30H59ClO |
|
| —— | trans-2-Methyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 13064-92-1 | C8H13ClO |
|
| —— | (R)-4-chloro-3-fluoromethyl-butyryl chloride | 916069-88-0 | C5H7Cl2FO |
|
| —— | 2,2-difluorobutyryl chloride | 1259371-25-9 | C4H5ClF2O |
|
| —— | trans-4-(trans-4'-propyl cyclohexyl)-cyclohexane carboxylic acid chloride | 83860-52-0 | C16H27ClO |
|
| —— | 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxahexadecanoic acid chloride | 75427-77-9 | C11H21ClO6 |
|
| —— | (R)-2-bromobutanoic acid chloride | 52079-97-7 | C4H6BrClO |
|
| —— | 2-Fluor-valerylchlorid | 13031-16-8 | C5H8ClFO |
|
| —— | 3-ethyl-valeryl chloride | 50599-74-1 | C7H13ClO |
|
| —— | 11-trichlorosilanyl-undecanoyl chloride | 17962-73-1 | C11H20Cl4OSi |
|
| —— | 5-bromohexanoyl chloride | 41339-28-0 | C6H10BrClO |
|
| —— | 3-methyl-2-butenoyl fluoride | 55600-69-6 | C5H7FO |
|
| —— | undec-9-enoyl chloride | 202737-61-9 | C11H19ClO |
|
| —— | undec-10-enoyl fluoride | 1598-93-2 | C11H19FO |
|
| —— | 2,15-dibromo-3,3,14,14-tetramethyl hexadecane-1,16-dioyl chloride | 87272-25-1 | C20H34Br2Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 2,4-dibromo-pentanyl bromide | 65303-43-7 | C5H7Br3O |
|
| —— | Hexahydrobenzoylchlorid-(7-14C) | 97166-33-1 | C7H11ClO |
|
| —— | 2-fluorohexanoyl chloride | 74107-02-1 | C6H10ClFO |
|
| —— | 2-Fluor-2-methyl-hexanoylchlorid | 74114-76-4 | C7H12ClFO |
|
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-3-chloro-butyryl chloride | 118844-82-9 | C4H6Cl2O |
|
| —— | Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride, 2-methyl-, cis- | 13064-91-0 | C8H13ClO |
|
| —— | 11-Methoxyundecansaeurechlorid | 41624-87-7 | C12H23ClO2 |
|
| —— | 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-methylpropanoyl chloride | 72115-01-6 | C5H6ClF3O2 |
|
| —— | 5-iodovaleryl chloride | 14500-15-3 | C5H8ClIO |
|
| —— | Z-3-F-Heptyl 2-propenoyl chloride | 173441-57-1 | C10H2ClF15O |
|
| —— | hexadecylmethylmalonyl chloride | 108269-94-9 | C20H36Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | Rhodinoic acid chloride | 88373-61-9 | C10H17ClO |
|
| —— | 2-((1R,3s,5S)-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)acetyl chloride | 1535210-36-6 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | Z-9-Tetradecenoyl fluoride | 100303-39-7 | C14H25FO |
|
| —— | Perfluor-6-oxa-7-octenoylfluorid | 23276-04-2 | C7F12O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Methylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl chloride | 65514-82-1 | C8H11ClO |
|
| —— | Perfluorhexan-1.6-dicarbonsaeure-dichlorid | 1967-93-7 | C8Cl2F12O2 |
|
| —— | 2,2-difluorohexanoyl chloride | 175286-58-5 | C6H9ClF2O |
|
| —— | 10,12-heptadecadiynoyl chloride | 897031-28-6 | C17H25ClO |
|
| —— | 5,8,11-trioxatridecanoyl chloride | 1105107-43-4 | C10H19ClO4 |
|
| —— | 3,6,9,12-Tetraoxatetradecansaeurechlorid | 36102-90-6 | C10H19ClO5 |
|
| —— | (R)-2-chlorobutyryl chloride | 183073-15-6 | C4H6Cl2O |
|
| —— | (<i>S</i>)-2-chloro-butyryl chloride | 125638-87-1 | C4H6Cl2O |
|
| —— | 2-Brom-hexafluor-isobutyrylbromid | 677-79-2 | C4Br2F6O |
|
| —— | acid fluoride of α-ethylthiohexafluoroisobutyric acid | 67732-80-3 | C6H5F7OS |
|
| —— | 2-butoxypropionic acid chloride | 95550-23-5 | C7H13ClO2 |
|
| —— | 4-[(2)H11]methylpentanoyl chloride | 1356906-86-9 | C6H11ClO |
|
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