酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | tetrafluoro-3-(undecafluoro-pentyloxy)-propionyl fluoride | 376-55-6 | C8F16O2 |
| —— | 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl carbonochloridate | 25557-94-2 | C6H7ClO2 |
| —— | 3-isopropyl-1-adamantanecarboxylchloride | 342895-18-5 | C14H21ClO |
| —— | 2-cyclopent-2-enyl-propionyl chloride | 76337-98-9 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | dibromo-chloro-acetyl fluoride | 353-95-7 | C2Br2ClFO |
| —— | cis-8-Eicosenoyl-4,4-d2-chlorid | 62690-24-8 | C20H37ClO |
| —— | γ-Chlor-nonanoylchlorid | 90436-51-4 | C9H16Cl2O |
| —— | 2-(pentafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl)acetyl fluoride | 115983-30-7 | C2H2F6OS |
| —— | (Z)-2-Fluoro-oct-2-enoyl fluoride | 55366-39-7 | C8H12F2O |
| —— | 17-chloro-heptadecanoyl chloride | 15462-21-2 | C17H32Cl2O |
| —— | trans-PdCl2(L-AlaCl)2 | 105944-30-7 | C6H12Cl4N2O2Pd |
| —— | 61211-00-5 | C20H4F36N2O8 | |
| —— | endo-9-chlorobicyclo[6.1.0]nonane-9-carbaldehyde | 928622-30-4 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | 2-Methyl-hex-4-ynoyl chloride | 51578-02-0 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | cis-Cyclohexandioxydiacetylchlorid | 58774-62-2 | C10H14Cl2O4 |
| —— | 3,3,6,6-tetramethylsuberinic acid dichloride | 37607-93-5 | C12H20Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2-Chloro-2-fluoro-pent-4-enoyl fluoride | 37032-27-2 | C5H5ClF2O |
| —— | 3,5-diisopropyl-1-adamantanecarbonyl chloride | 337908-31-3 | C17H27ClO |
| —— | (2R,3S)-Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,2,3-tricarbonyl trichloride | 66612-53-1 | C11H11Cl3O3 |
| —— | 1,3-Adamantandicarbonsaeuredifluorid | 96962-79-7 | C12H14F2O2 |
| —— | 2,2'-((4r,4ar,8r,8ar,10r,11r)-octahydro-2,8,4,6-(epibutane[1,2,3,4]tetrayl)naphthalene-2,6-diyl)bis(2-chloroacetyl chloride) | 115692-84-7 | C18H20Cl4O2 |
| —— | 2,2-diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl chloride | 67029-97-4 | C10H19ClO |
| —— | 2-bromo-2,3-dimethylbutanoyl chloride | 835651-21-3 | C6H10Br2O |
| —— | 1610455-47-4 | C8H13ClO | |
| —— | 2,4,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 854448-07-0 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | 1,1,3,3,3-pentachloro-2-oxo-propyl | 68883-61-4 | C3Cl5O |
| —— | exo-7-chlorobicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carbaldehyde | 928780-50-1 | C8H11ClO |
| —— | (+/-)-3<i>endo</i>-trifluoromethyl-norborn-5-ene-2<i>exo</i>-carboxylic acid | 434-68-4 | C9H9F3O2 |
| —— | 10-fluoro-3-methyl-decanoyl chloride | 459-81-4 | C11H20ClFO |
| —— | 6-Trimethylsilanyl-hex-5-ynoyl chloride | 68381-00-0 | C9H15ClOSi |
| —— | 1,4-Difluoro-2-butyne-1,4-dione | 675-75-2 | C4F2O2 |
| —— | E-2-butyl-2-butenoyl chloride | 81452-76-8 | C8H13ClO |
| —— | (n-Pr)SCH2CH2C(O)Cl | 1540023-27-5 | C6H11ClOS |
| —— | cyclohexylmercapto-acetyl chloride | 857570-47-9 | C8H13ClOS |
| —— | 4-(<i>cis</i>-bicyclohexylyl-(4))-butyric acid-chloride | 882655-12-1 | C16H27ClO |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-isopropyl-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl chloride | 67029-98-5 | C11H21ClO |
| —— | 9-Methyldecanoyl chloride | 127506-23-4 | C11H21ClO |
| —— | 3-(diethyl-chloro-silanyl)-propionyl chloride | 18276-26-1 | C7H14Cl2OSi |
| —— | 7-Trifluormethyl-8-chlor-perfluor-octanoylfluorid | 1996-62-9 | C9ClF17O |
| —— | 2-methyl-3-(triethylgermyl)propionyl chloride | 83595-40-8 | C10H21ClGeO |
| —— | methylenecyclopropanecarboxylic acid chloride | 117865-96-0 | C5H5ClO |
| —— | (3-Chlorocarbonylmethoxy-1-methyl-propoxy)-acetyl chloride | 108444-77-5 | C8H12Cl2O4 |
| —— | Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carbonyl chloride | 64725-79-7 | C7H9ClO |
| —— | 3-(methyl-d3)but-2-enoyl-4,4,4-d3 chloride | 131794-58-6 | C5H7ClO |
| —— | 2-methoxy-trans(?)-crotonoyl chloride | 61882-43-7 | C5H7ClO2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dichlor-3,3-difluor-2-methylpropionylfluorid | 50499-38-2 | C4H3Cl2F3O |
| —— | 1-bromo-1-trimethylsilylcarbonylcyclopentane | 128589-03-7 | C9H17BrOSi |
| —— | (4-Butyl-cyclohexyl)-acetyl chloride | 93358-68-0 | C12H21ClO |
| —— | 2-Fluorocarbonyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4-pentenoyl Fluoride | 130138-71-5 | C7H5F5O2 |
| —— | (4'-Propyl-bicyclohexyl-4-yl)-acetyl chloride | 96143-30-5 | C17H29ClO |