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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机卤素化合物 酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤

    酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。

    1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。

    2. 化学性质

    • 水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]

    • 亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]

    3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。

    • 药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。

    • 合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。

    总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2S)-2-ethylpentanedioyl dichloride —— C7H10Cl2O2
    (2S)-2-ethylpentanedioyl dichloride
    —— (2R)-2-ethylpentanedioyl dichloride —— C7H10Cl2O2
    (2R)-2-ethylpentanedioyl dichloride
    —— (1S,2R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C8H9ClO
    (1S,2R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C8H9ClO
    (1S,2S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)acetyl chloride —— C11H17ClO
    (2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)acetyl chloride
    —— 3-Decyloxypropanoyl chloride —— C13H25ClO2
    3-Decyloxypropanoyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-2-methylbutanoyl bromide —— C5H8Br2O
    (2S)-2-bromo-2-methylbutanoyl bromide
    —— (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C10H11ClO
    (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2S,3S,4R)-3-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride —— C10H11ClO
    (1S,2S,3S,4R)-3-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,2R,3S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride —— C9H8Cl2O2
    (1S,2R,3S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride
    —— (1R,2R,3S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride —— C9H8Cl2O2
    (1R,2R,3S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride
    —— (3R,5S)-3,5,6-trichloro-2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluorohexanoyl chloride —— C6Cl4F8O
    (3R,5S)-3,5,6-trichloro-2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluorohexanoyl chloride
    —— (3R,5R)-3,5,6-trichloro-2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluorohexanoyl chloride —— C6Cl4F8O
    (3R,5R)-3,5,6-trichloro-2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluorohexanoyl chloride
    —— (3S,5S)-3,5,6-trichloro-2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluorohexanoyl chloride —— C6Cl4F8O
    (3S,5S)-3,5,6-trichloro-2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluorohexanoyl chloride
    —— (3S,5R)-3,5,6-trichloro-2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluorohexanoyl chloride —— C6Cl4F8O
    (3S,5R)-3,5,6-trichloro-2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluorohexanoyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl fluoride —— C6F12O2
    (2S)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl fluoride
    —— (2R)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl fluoride —— C6F12O2
    (2R)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl fluoride
    —— (2R)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl bromide —— C6BrF11O2
    (2R)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl bromide
    —— (2R)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl chloride —— C6ClF11O2
    (2R)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl chloride
    —— (2S)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl bromide —— C6BrF11O2
    (2S)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl bromide
    —— (2S)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl chloride —— C6ClF11O2
    (2S)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoyl chloride
    —— (Z)-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoyl chloride —— C4H2ClF3O
    (Z)-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoyl chloride
    —— (2Z,4Z)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl chloride —— C6H7ClO
    (2Z,4Z)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl chloride
    —— (6Z,9E,12E)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl chloride —— C18H29ClO
    (6Z,9E,12E)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl chloride
    —— (6Z,9Z,12E)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl chloride —— C18H29ClO
    (6Z,9Z,12E)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl chloride
    —— (5S)-5-chlorohexanoyl chloride —— C6H10Cl2O
    (5S)-5-chlorohexanoyl chloride
    —— (5R)-5-chlorohexanoyl chloride —— C6H10Cl2O
    (5R)-5-chlorohexanoyl chloride
    —— chloro(cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)methanolate —— C6H4ClO-5
    chloro(cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)methanolate
    —— 2-fluorostearoyl chloride —— C18H34ClFO
    2-fluorostearoyl chloride
    —— 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-3-oxopropan-2-yl)oxypropanoyl fluoride —— C6F10O3
    2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-3-oxopropan-2-yl)oxypropanoyl fluoride
    —— (E)-5-chloro-2-propan-2-ylpent-4-enoyl bromide —— C8H12BrClO
    (E)-5-chloro-2-propan-2-ylpent-4-enoyl bromide
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl chloride —— C4H3BrClF3O
    (2S)-2-bromo-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl chloride —— C4H3BrClF3O
    (2R)-2-bromo-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl chloride
    —— (3R)-3,4-dichloro-2,2,3,4,4-pentafluorobutanoyl chloride —— C4Cl3F5O
    (3R)-3,4-dichloro-2,2,3,4,4-pentafluorobutanoyl chloride
    —— (3S)-3,4-dichloro-2,2,3,4,4-pentafluorobutanoyl chloride —— C4Cl3F5O
    (3S)-3,4-dichloro-2,2,3,4,4-pentafluorobutanoyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2,3-dibromopropanoyl chloride —— C3H3Br2ClO
    (2R)-2,3-dibromopropanoyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2-bromooctanoyl bromide —— C8H14Br2O
    (2R)-2-bromooctanoyl bromide
    —— (2S)-2-bromooctanoyl bromide —— C8H14Br2O
    (2S)-2-bromooctanoyl bromide
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl chloride —— C3BrClF4O
    (2R)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl bromide —— C3Br2F4O
    (2R)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl bromide
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl bromide —— C3Br2F4O
    (2S)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl bromide
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl fluoride —— C3BrF5O
    (2R)-2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl fluoride
    —— rac-(1R,3R)-3-methoxycyclohexanecarbonyl chloride —— C8H13ClO2
    rac-(1R,3R)-3-methoxycyclohexanecarbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,3R)-3-methoxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H13ClO2
    (1S,3R)-3-methoxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R,3S)-3-methoxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H13ClO2
    (1R,3S)-3-methoxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]sulfanylacetyl chloride —— C4H3Cl2F3OS
    2-[(1S)-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]sulfanylacetyl chloride
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]sulfanylacetyl chloride —— C4H3Cl2F3OS
    2-[(1R)-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]sulfanylacetyl chloride
    —— Bicyclo<2,2,1>hept-5-en-exo-2-carbonylchlorid —— C8H9ClO
    Bicyclo<2,2,1>hept-5-en-exo-2-carbonylchlorid
    —— (3S)-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl chloride —— C9H17ClO
    (3S)-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl chloride
    —— (1S,3S)-3-methoxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C8H13ClO2
    (1S,3S)-3-methoxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl chloride