酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子(如氯、溴等)和羰基官能团的化合物,通式为R-CO-X,其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团,X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体,在常温下较为稳定,但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如,乙酰氯(CH3COCl)是无色易挥发的油状液体,而乙酸酐(CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
水解反应:酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如: [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
亲核取代反应:这类化合物也是良好的离去基团,可以用于亲核取代反应,如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性,在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基,进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
药物合成:由于其高反应性和稳定性,酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
合成其他化学品:通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应,可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说,酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物,在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-But-(E)-ylidene-hept-6-enoyl chloride | 113404-63-0 | C11H17ClO |
| —— | 2-(<sup>14</sup>C)Dibromacetylchlorid | 116867-64-2 | C2HBr2ClO |
| —— | 2-(bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl)acetyl chloride | 1257096-66-4 | C11H17ClO |
| —— | (4R)-4-methylhex-5-enoyl chloride | 96791-44-5 | C7H11ClO |
| —— | (S)-4,4,4-trichloro-3-methylbutanoylchloride | 386743-19-7 | C5H6Cl4O |
| —— | 1258145-42-4 | C7H13FO | |
| —— | 3-fluoro-2-chloro-2-methylpropionyl chloride | 76937-38-7 | C4H5Cl2FO |
| —— | 3-(3-trifluoromethyl-cyclohexyl)-propionyl chloride | 349-80-4 | C10H14ClF3O |
| —— | Isopropyliden-cyanessigsaeure-chlorid | 89379-78-2 | C6H6ClNO |
| —— | 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)propanoyl chloride | 51631-80-2 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | Difluoro-methoxy-acetyl fluoride | 73287-24-8 | C3H3F3O2 |
| —— | 2-Chlor-2-methyl-3-methylmercapto-propionsaeurechlorid | 20444-23-9 | C5H8Cl2OS |
| —— | bromure d'acetyle d3 | 17674-33-8 | C2H3BrO |
| —— | 4-methyl-5-trimethylsilyl-5-hexenoyl chloride | 86534-32-9 | C10H19ClOSi |
| —— | 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propoxy]propanoyl fluoride | 65675-82-3 | C9F18O3 |
| —— | hexanedioyl-2,2,5,5-d4 dichloride | 115797-55-2 | C6H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | TRICYCLO[3.2.2.02,4]NONANE-1-CARBONYL CHLORIDE | 67064-15-7 | C10H13ClO |
| —— | 2-Pent-4-enyl-hept-6-enoyl chloride | 152568-36-0 | C12H19ClO |
| —— | β-Campholensaeurechlorid | 25508-03-6 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | 1-Vinyl-cyclohex-3-en-1,4-dicarbonsaeuredichlorid | 99421-60-0 | C10H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | 1-methyl-3-propyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 855428-05-6 | C11H19ClO |
| —— | 3-Butenyl 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl ketone | 108087-15-6 | C8H10Cl2O |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyloct-5-ynoyl chloride | 867339-09-1 | C10H15ClO |
| —— | chloride of Z-5-methyl-9-oxo-5-decenoic acid | 119404-57-8 | C11H17ClO2 |
| —— | β-chloro-α-methylsulfanyl-isovaleryl chloride | 855624-45-2 | C6H10Cl2OS |
| —— | Trispiro<3.1.1.3.1.1>tridecan-dicarbonsaeure-(2.10)-dichlorid | 21170-82-1 | C15H18Cl2O2 |
| —— | 65319-60-0 | C12H20Cl2O4 | |
| —— | 1-Ethyl-cyclohex-3-en-1,4-dicarbonsaeuredichlorid | 99360-42-6 | C10H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | tricarbonyl[1,2,3,4-eta-1,3-cyclobutadiene-1,2-dicarbonylchloride]iron | 32913-55-6 | C9H2Cl2FeO5 |
| —— | 2,5-Hexadienoylchlorid | 10357-66-1 | C6H7ClO |
| —— | Cyclohepten-(4)-yl-(1)-acetylchlorid | 3514-85-0 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | (Perfluor-cyclohexylidenyl)-acetylfluorid | 16621-99-1 | C8HF11O |
| —— | 4-(perfluoro-n-butyl)-n-butanoyl chloride | 124778-16-1 | C8H6ClF9O |
| —— | 2,2-dipentyl-heptanoyl chloride | 26269-53-4 | C17H33ClO |
| —— | 2-Chloro-2-methyl-3-methyldisulfanyl-propionyl chloride | 36680-36-1 | C5H8Cl2OS2 |
| —— | 2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexafluoro-5-oxo-pentanoyl chloride | 24891-66-5 | C5HClF6O2 |
| —— | 2-Cyclohex-1-enyl-hept-6-enoyl chloride | 113404-59-4 | C13H19ClO |
| —— | (E)-2,3-difluoro-4-methylhex-2-enoyl chloride | 102675-93-4 | C7H9ClF2O |
| —— | 2-cyclopent-1-enyl-butyryl chloride | 51631-77-7 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 2-Cyclohepta-1,3,5-trienyl-propionyl chloride | 36269-93-9 | C10H11ClO |
| —— | (4-Ethyl-cyclohexyl)-acetyl chloride | 93358-71-5 | C10H17ClO |
| —— | (2E,4E)-nona-2,4-dienoyl chloride | 1400993-14-7 | C9H13ClO |
| —— | 3-bromo-3,3-difluoropropionyl chloride | 130312-69-5 | C3H2BrClF2O |
| —— | chlorure de l'acide butyl-5 nonanique | 80256-68-4 | C13H25ClO |
| —— | 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid chloride | 90948-62-2 | C9H17ClO |
| —— | 888021-02-1 | C16H31ClOSi | |
| —— | 11-Chlor-perfluor-undecansaeurechlorid | 754-93-8 | C11Cl2F20O |
| —— | (E)-2-Trimethylsilanylmethyl-tetradec-2-enoyl chloride | 888021-03-2 | C18H35ClOSi |
| —— | Tricyclo<4.3.1.1<sup>3.8</sup>>undecan-3-carbonsaeurechlorid | 39508-70-8 | C12H17ClO |
| —— | 11-iodoundecanoyl chloride | 14500-35-7 | C11H20ClIO |