酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3S)-methyl valeroyl chloride | 28977-69-7 | C6H11ClO |
|
| —— | perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid chloride | 125037-07-2 | C6ClF11O2 |
|
| —— | perfluoro-2,5-dimethyl-3,6-dioxanonanoyl chloride | 63069-29-4 | C9ClF17O3 |
|
| —— | 7-chloroheptanoyl chloride | 54771-63-0 | C7H12Cl2O |
|
| —— | 1,3-Dimethyl cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride | 854448-11-6 | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoyl chloride | —— | C5H7ClO |
|
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-bromo-butyryl chloride | 74988-02-6 | C6H10BrClO |
|
| —— | γ-linolenic acid | 54562-14-0 | C18H29ClO |
|
| —— | (S)-2-bromopropionyl chloride | 7148-74-5 | C3H4BrClO |
|
| —— | 4-bromobutyryl chloride | 412018-40-7 | C4H6BrClO |
|
| —— | 5-norbornene-endo-2-carbonyl chloride | —— | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | (+)-chaulmoogric acid-chloride | 110459-18-2 | C18H31ClO |
|
| —— | decanoyl fluoride | 334-47-4 | C10H19FO |
|
| —— | 7-bromoheptanoyl chloride | 50733-91-0 | C7H12BrClO |
|
| —— | 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanoyl dichloride | 31255-09-1 | C6H8Cl2O4 |
|
| —— | perfluoro(5-oxa-6-heptenyl) cyanide | 54675-68-2 | C4F5NO |
|
| —— | trichloroethyl chloroformate | 52999-57-2 | C3H2Cl4O |
|
| —— | 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanoyl chloride | 3637-18-1 | C5H4ClF5O |
|
| —— | 2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)acetyl chloride | 63881-16-3 | C7H13ClO4 |
|
| —— | (E)-pent-2-enoyl chloride | 33698-85-0 | C5H7ClO |
|
| —— | 2,2-dimethyldodecanoyl chloride | 60631-34-7 | C14H27ClO |
|
| —— | 13-methyl-tetradecanoyl chloride | 83549-87-5 | C15H29ClO |
|
| —— | 2-(Methoxymethyl)prop-2-enoyl chloride | 1146619-41-1 | C5H7ClO2 |
|
| —— | Petroselinyl chloride | 21330-53-0 | C18H33ClO |
|
| —— | cis-6-Octadecenoylchloride | 150989-03-0 | C18H33ClO |
|
| —— | 8-methyl-nonanoyl chloride | 205651-88-3 | C10H19ClO |
|
| —— | 2-butyloctanoyl chloride | 100246-69-3 | C12H23ClO |
|
| —— | α,α-bischloromethyl propionyl chloride | 4301-04-6 | C5H7Cl3O |
|
| —— | 3-chloro-2,2-di<chloromethyl>propionyl chloride | 50547-79-0 | C5H6Cl4O |
|
| —— | (E)-non-2-enoic acid chloride | 60784-27-2 | C9H15ClO |
|
| —— | 4-methylsulfanyl-butyryl chloride | 54473-54-0 | C5H9ClOS |
|
| —— | 2-(methylthio)propanoyl chloride | 55843-13-5 | C4H7ClOS |
|
| —— | butoxyacetyl chloride | 56680-70-7 | C6H11ClO2 |
|
| —— | 3-Isopropoxy-propionsaeurechlorid | 56680-78-5 | C6H11ClO2 |
|
| —— | methoxypropionyl chloride | 4244-59-1 | C4H7ClO2 |
|
| —— | 2-ethylsulfanyl-propionyl chloride | 62034-66-6 | C5H9ClOS |
|
| —— | perfluoroisobutyryl fluoride | 677-84-9 | C4F8O |
|
| —— | trans-trans-4-n-pentylcyclohexyl-cyclohexane-4'-carboxylic acid chloride | 94536-25-1 | C18H31ClO |
|
| —— | 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoyl chloride | 98770-65-1 | C20H29ClO |
|
| —— | (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoyl chloride | 98776-99-9 | C22H31ClO |
|
| —— | (methylthio)acetyl chloride | 35928-65-5 | C3H5ClOS |
|
| —— | 2-(ethylthio)acetyl chloride | 54256-37-0 | C4H7ClOS |
|
| —— | propylsulfanyl-acetyl chloride | 55016-23-4 | C5H9ClOS |
|
| —— | erucic acid chloride | —— | C22H41ClO |
|
| —— | elaidoyl chloride | 112-77-6 | C18H33ClO |
|
| —— | 3-butynoyl chloride | 851388-73-3 | C4H3ClO |
|
| —— | (1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoro-3-oxopropyl) hypofluorite | 5930-63-2 | C3F6O2 |
|
| —— | 6-aminohexanoic acid chloride hydrochloride | 40772-92-7 | C6H12ClNO*ClH |
|
| —— | bicyclohexyl-1-carbonyl chloride | 92110-93-5 | C13H21ClO |
|
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-methyl-hexanoyl chloride | 49802-73-5 | C9H17ClO |
|
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