16-羟基棕榈酸,又称16-羟基十六烷酸,是一种白色固体的饱和脂肪酸,常用于食品和化妆品中作为增稠剂、乳化剂和稳定剂。早期报道的方法是从丙二酸二乙酯出发,在碱性条件下与乙酰胺反应,随后与碘代烷发生加成反应,最后经消除得到16-羟基棕榈酸。该方法耗时且成本较高,特别是碘代烷的价格昂贵。通过实验摸索发现,使用廉价且易得的长链脂肪酸作为原料,经过酰氯化、溴代和水解即可获得目标化合物。这种方法条件温和,后处理方便。
生产方法 溴棕榈酸的制备将5克(1.9毫摩尔)的棕榈酸溶解在50毫升氯化亚砜中,在室温下搅拌1.5小时。然后缓慢滴加4克溴素(2.62毫摩尔),并升温至回流反应3小时。冷却后,将油状物倒入500毫升水中,并加热至80℃,搅拌30分钟。混合物冷却结晶后,洗出固体,并通过热水重结晶得到4.7克类白色固体16-溴棕榈酸。
16-羟基棕榈酸的制备将4.2克(1.55毫摩尔)16-溴棕榈酸和0.3克氢氧化钾(5.3毫摩尔)溶解在100毫升95%乙醇中,在蒸汽浴下回流反应10小时。白色产物用50毫升石油醚洗涤并过滤。再在95%乙醇中重结晶并干燥,最终得到16-羟基棕榈酸。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
12-羟基十二酸 | 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid | 505-95-3 | C12H24O3 | 216.321 |
棕榈酸 | 1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid | 57-10-3 | C16H32O2 | 256.429 |
9-羟基壬酸 | 9-hydroxynonanoic acid | 3788-56-5 | C9H18O3 | 174.24 |
13-羟基十三烷酸 | 13-hydroxytridecanoic acid | 7735-38-8 | C13H26O3 | 230.348 |
10-十一碳炔酸 | undec-10-ynoic acid | 2777-65-3 | C11H18O2 | 182.263 |
—— | 16-iodohexadecanoic acid | 2536-36-9 | C16H31IO2 | 382.325 |
8-溴辛酸 | 8-Bromo-octanoic acid | 17696-11-6 | C8H15BrO2 | 223.11 |
11-溴十一酸 | 11-bromoundecane acid | 2834-05-1 | C11H21BrO2 | 265.191 |
9-氯壬酸 | 9-chlorononanoic acid | 1120-10-1 | C9H17ClO2 | 192.686 |
16-十七碳烯酸 | heptadec-16-enoic acid | 65119-97-3 | C17H32O2 | 268.44 |
16-溴十六烷酸 | 16-bromohexadecanoic acid | 2536-35-8 | C16H31BrO2 | 335.325 |
7-辛酸 | oct-7-ynoic acid | 10297-09-3 | C8H12O2 | 140.182 |
7-氯庚酸 | 7-chloroheptanoic acid | 821-57-8 | C7H13ClO2 | 164.632 |
—— | 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester | 36575-67-4 | C17H34O3 | 286.455 |
—— | 16-hydroxy-9-hexadecenoic acid | 1619-68-7 | C16H30O3 | 270.412 |
—— | 16-Hydroxy-cis-hexadec-9-enoic acid | 1619-68-7 | C16H30O3 | 270.412 |
—— | Ambrettolinsaeure | 506-14-9 | C16H30O3 | 270.412 |
—— | 15-Carboxy-12-oxopentadecan-1-ol | 3974-33-2 | C16H30O4 | 286.412 |
—— | 16-Hydroxy-hexadecin-(12)-saeure | 93158-27-1 | C16H28O3 | 268.397 |
6-溴己酸 | 6-bromocaproic acid | 4224-70-8 | C6H11BrO2 | 195.056 |
—— | 7-oxo-Δ16-heptadecanoic acid | 65119-96-2 | C17H30O3 | 282.423 |
—— | 10,11-dibromo-undecanoic acid | 6308-96-9 | C11H20Br2O2 | 344.087 |
紫胶桐酸 | 9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid | 6949-98-0 | C16H32O5 | 304.427 |
9,10,16-三羟基十六烷酸 | threo-9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid | 533-87-9 | C16H32O5 | 304.427 |
—— | methyl 9-iodononanoate | 75452-47-0 | C10H19IO2 | 298.164 |
—— | 9-Chlornonansaeuremethylester | 22457-33-6 | C10H19ClO2 | 206.713 |
16-溴十六烷酸甲酯 | methyl 16-bromohexadecanoate | 26825-89-8 | C17H33BrO2 | 349.352 |
7-碘庚酸甲酯 | methyl 7-iodoheptanoate | 38315-25-2 | C8H15IO2 | 270.11 |
—— | methyl oct-7-ynoate | 18458-50-9 | C9H14O2 | 154.209 |
9-乙酰氧基壬酸 | 9-acetoxy nonanoic acid | 30993-88-5 | C11H20O4 | 216.277 |
12-乙酰氧基十二烷酸 | 12-acetoxydodecanoic acid | 100912-48-9 | C14H26O4 | 258.358 |
—— | azelaic acid monoethyl ester | 1593-55-1 | C11H20O4 | 216.277 |
7-氯庚酸甲酯 | 7-chloroheptanoic acid methyl ester | 26040-62-0 | C8H15ClO2 | 178.659 |
脂肪酸甲酯 | adipic acid monomethyl ester | 627-91-8 | C7H12O4 | 160.17 |
氧杂环十七烷-2-酮 | 15-hexadecanolide | 109-29-5 | C16H30O2 | 254.413 |
1-十六烷醇 | 1-Hexadecanol | 36653-82-4 | C16H34O | 242.445 |
1,16-十六烷二醇 | 1,16-hexadecanediol | 7735-42-4 | C16H34O2 | 258.445 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 15-formylpentadecanoic acid | 69275-06-5 | C16H30O3 | 270.412 |
十六碳二酸 | thapsic acid | 505-54-4 | C16H30O4 | 286.412 |
十八烷二酸 | octadecanedioic acid | 871-70-5 | C18H34O4 | 314.466 |
17-十八炔酸 | 17-octadecynoic acid | 34450-18-5 | C18H32O2 | 280.451 |
—— | 16-methoxyhexadecanoic acid | 173288-96-5 | C17H34O3 | 286.455 |
—— | 16-iodohexadecanoic acid | 2536-36-9 | C16H31IO2 | 382.325 |
16-溴十六烷酸 | 16-bromohexadecanoic acid | 2536-35-8 | C16H31BrO2 | 335.325 |
16-氰基十六烷酸 | 16-cyanohexadecanoic acid | 151276-58-3 | C17H31NO2 | 281.439 |
16-氟十六烷酸 | 16-fluorohexadecanoic acid | 3109-58-8 | C16H31FO2 | 274.419 |
16-氯十六烷酸 | 16-chlorohexadecanoic acid | 2536-34-7 | C16H31ClO2 | 290.874 |
—— | 16-aminohexadecanoic acid | 17437-22-8 | C16H33NO2 | 271.444 |
16-巯基十六烷基酸 | 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid | 69839-68-5 | C16H32O2S | 288.495 |
16-氧代硬脂酸 | 16-oxooctadecanoic acid | 13126-28-8 | C18H34O3 | 298.466 |
—— | (+/-)-16-hydroxyeicosanoic acid | 141228-57-1 | C20H40O3 | 328.536 |
—— | 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester | 36575-67-4 | C17H34O3 | 286.455 |
—— | methyl 16-oxohexadecanoate | 45247-78-7 | C17H32O3 | 284.439 |
十六烷二酸单甲酯 | hexadecanedioic acid monomethyl ester | 18451-85-9 | C17H32O4 | 300.439 |
甲基十八碳-17-炔酸酯 | methyl 17-octadecynoate | 68950-90-3 | C19H34O2 | 294.478 |
—— | Methyl 16-heptadecenoate | 62735-47-1 | C18H34O2 | 282.467 |
—— | methyl 16-iodohexadecanoate | 106689-05-8 | C17H33IO2 | 396.352 |
16-溴十六烷酸甲酯 | methyl 16-bromohexadecanoate | 26825-89-8 | C17H33BrO2 | 349.352 |
—— | methyl 16-hydroxyoctadecanoate | 2380-12-3 | C19H38O3 | 314.509 |
—— | methyl (+/-)-16-hydroxyeicosanoate | 20300-83-8 | C21H42O3 | 342.563 |
—— | ethyl 16-hydroxyhexadecanoate | 85258-69-1 | C18H36O3 | 300.482 |
—— | 16-acetoxyhexadecanoic acid | 66146-69-8 | C18H34O4 | 314.466 |
—— | 16-azidohexadecanoic acid | 112668-54-9 | C16H31N3O2 | 297.441 |
—— | 16,16'-dithiobis(hexadecanoic acid) | 112122-99-3 | C32H62O4S2 | 574.974 |
—— | Methyl 16-acetoxyhexadecanoate | 66146-70-1 | C19H36O4 | 328.492 |
—— | methyl (Z)-tetratriacont-25-enoate | 132538-02-4 | C35H68O2 | 520.924 |
—— | 16-Hexadecanoyloxyhexadecanoic acid | 162582-28-7 | C32H62O4 | 510.842 |
氧杂环十七烷-2-酮 | 15-hexadecanolide | 109-29-5 | C16H30O2 | 254.413 |
—— | (O)-stearoyl-16-hydroxypalmitic acid | 1443990-45-1 | C34H66O4 | 538.896 |
—— | (E)-18-Iodo-octadec-17-enoic acid methyl ester | 87640-10-6 | C19H35IO2 | 422.39 |
环十五内酯 | pentadecanolide | 106-02-5 | C15H28O2 | 240.386 |
—— | 2-iodopalmitic acid | 101434-56-4 | C16H31IO2 | 382.325 |
1,16-十六烷二醇 | 1,16-hexadecanediol | 7735-42-4 | C16H34O2 | 258.445 |
—— | hexadecanedial | 6812-43-7 | C16H30O2 | 254.413 |
—— | ethyl 16-bromohexadecanoate | 109557-87-1 | C18H35BrO2 | 363.379 |
—— | ethyl 16-aminohexadecanoate | —— | C18H37NO2 | 299.497 |