奥列巴文 | 467-04-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 生物碱及其衍生物 - 吗啡烷
• 中文名称: 奥列巴文
• 中文别名: 奥派文；奥列巴文(罂粟壳提取物)；东罂粟碱；奥利文
• 英文名称: oripavine
• 英文别名: (4R,7aR,12bS)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4,7a,13-tetrahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-9-ol
• CAS: 467-04-9
• 化学式: C₁₈H₁₉NO₃
• 分子量: 297.354
• InChiKey: ZKLXUUYLEHCAMF-UUWFMWQGSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.9
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  5.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.44
• 拓扑面积：
  41.9
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

1. 可待因O-脱甲基转化为吗啡的过程由细胞色素P450 IID1（大鼠）或P450 IID6（人类）介导，并表现出遗传多态性。蒂巴因是人类内源性吗啡和可待因形成的前体，通过O-脱甲基转化为奥列巴因。 2. 本研究的目的是确定蒂巴因O-脱甲基转化为奥列巴因是否由大鼠肝微粒体中的细胞色素P450 IID1介导。 3. 蒂巴因O-脱甲基在雌性Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠和雌性Dark-Agouti（DA）大鼠中表现出品系差异，这些大鼠用作人类去甲麻黄碱/斯帕亭代谢表型的模型。 4. SD大鼠中蒂巴因到奥列巴因的总内在清除率很高（19.7 ml/h每mg蛋白质），表明奥列巴因是蒂巴因的主要代谢物。DA大鼠中观察到的内在清除率降低了3倍（6.7 ml/h每mg蛋白质）。 5. 蒂巴因O-脱甲基受到奎宁和已知的细胞色素P450 IID1/P450 IID6底物的抑制，支持细胞色素P450 IID1在大鼠奥列巴因形成中的主要作用。

1. Codeine O-demethylation to morphine is mediated by cytochrome P450 IID1 (rat), or P450 IID6 (man), and exhibits genetic polymorphism. Thebaine is a precursor in the formation of endogenous morphine and codeine in man, being O-demethylated to oripavine. 2. The objective of the present study was to ascertain whether the O-demethylation of thebaine to oripavine was mediated by cytochrome P450 IID1 in rat liver microsomes. 3. Thebaine O-demethylation showed strain differences in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) and female Dark-Agouti (DA) rats, which serve as a model for the human debrisoquine/sparteine metabolism phenotypes. 4. The total intrinsic clearance of thebaine to oripavine was high (19.7 ml/h per mg protein) in SD rats, indicating that oripavine is a major metabolite of thebaine. A 3-fold lower intrinsic clearance was observed in DA rats (6.7 ml/h per mg protein). 5. Thebaine O-demethylation was inhibited by quinine and known substrates of cytochrome P450 IID1/P450 IID6, supporting the major involvement of cytochrome P450 IID1 in oripavine formation in rats.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

罂粟植物中的吗啡生物合成中间体蒂巴因，在存在NADPH生成系统的条件下，被大鼠的肝脏、肾脏和脑微粒体转化为奥瑞巴因、可待因和吗啡。通过特定的RIA、HPLC和GCMS方法鉴定了吗啡、可待因和奥瑞巴因的形成。蒂巴因还产生了四种其他尚未鉴定的化合物。当与NADPH生成系统一起使用时，NADH显著增加了可待因和吗啡的形成，特别是在肝脏微粒体中。NADPH在从蒂巴因到奥瑞巴因和从可待因到吗啡的形成中是必需的，而NADH在从蒂巴因到可待因和从奥瑞巴因到吗啡的转化中是关键的。一氧化碳或SKF 525A抑制了转化，表明细胞色素P-450在其中发挥作用。这些结果为哺乳动物组织通过酶促作用在体外将蒂巴因转化为吗啡提供了证据。这条途径与植物中存在的途径相似。

Thebaine, an intermediate of morphine biosynthesis in the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum, was transformed to oripavine, codeine, and morphine by rat liver, kidney, and brain microsomes in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. The formation of morphine, codeine, and oripavine was identified by a specific RIA, HPLC, and GCMS. Thebaine also gave rise to four other compounds, which for the moment are unidentified. NADH dramatically increased the formation of both codeine and morphine when used together with an NADPH-generating system, especially in liver microsomes. NADPH is essential in the formation of oripavine from thebaine and morphine from codeine, while NADH is critical in the conversion of thebaine to codeine and from oripavine to morphine. Carbon monoxide or SKF 525A inhibited the conversion, indicating a role of cytochrome P-450. These results provide evidence for the enzymatic in vitro conversion by mammalian tissues of thebaine to morphine. The pathway is similar to that which exists in plants.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

鉴定和使用：吗啡灵是一种鸦片类药物，是蒂巴因的主要代谢物。它是生物合成吗啡生物碱的重要中间体。最近，已经开发出新的罂粟品种，这些品种可以积累蒂巴因和吗啡灵，但不积累吗啡和可待因。因此，为了合成如氧吗啡、纳洛酮和丁丙诺啡等阿片类药物，对吗啡灵的化学性质进行了深入研究。人类暴露和毒性：没有数据可用。动物研究：吗啡灵具有与吗啡相当的镇痛效力；然而，由于严重的毒性和低治疗指数，它临床上并不适用。在小鼠和大鼠中，有毒剂量引起了强直阵挛性癫痫，随后死亡，类似于蒂巴因。吗啡灵的依赖潜力显著大于蒂巴因，但略小于吗啡。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Oripavine is an opiate and the major metabolite of thebaine. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of morphine alkaloids. Recently, new Papaver somniferum strains have been developed which accumulate thebaine and oripavine, but not morphine and codeine. Therefore, the chemistry of oripavine has been studied intensively to synthesize opioid pharmaceuticals such as oxymorphone, naloxone, and buprenorphine. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Oripavine possesses an analgesic potency comparable to morphine; however, it is not clinically useful due to severe toxicity and low therapeutic index. In both mice and rats, toxic doses caused tonic-clonic seizures followed by death, similar to thebaine. Oripavine has a potential for dependence which is significantly greater than that of thebaine but slightly less than that of morphine.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 立即急救：确保已经进行了充分的中毒物清除。如果患者停止呼吸，开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练操作。如有必要，执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者前倾或置于左侧卧位（如果可能的话，头部向下）以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入性肺炎。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗救助。 /毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有需要，辅助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要，进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要，进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作，如有必要，进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）持续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用温水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后，用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于无意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊阀面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注5%葡萄糖溶液（D5W），点滴。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。使用地西泮（安定）或劳拉西泮（安定文）治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。/毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

/行为研究/ 罂粟碱的依赖潜力至少部分归因于吗啡碱，后者是罂粟碱的主要代谢物之一。在小鼠中发现的吗啡碱的镇痛效力比罂粟碱要高得多，与吗啡相当。这种物质的强化效果也似乎比罂粟碱更强烈。在大鼠中，吗啡碱在4毫克/千克的剂量下的身体依赖潜力几乎与0.5毫克/千克的吗啡相当。对猴子进行的研究表明，吗啡碱具有较弱的吗啡拮抗性质。建议对罂粟碱的其他代谢物进行进一步药理研究。

/BEHAVIORAL STUDIES/ The dependence potential of thebaine is at least partially attributed to oripavine which is one of the principal metabolites of thebaine. The analgesic potency of oripavine in mice is found to be much higher than that of thebaine and comparable to morphine. The reinforcing effect of this substance also appears to be more potent than thebaine. In rats the physical dependence potential of oripavine at a dose of 4 mg/kg is almost comparable to that of morphine at 0.5 mg/kg. Studies carried out on monkeys show that oripavine possesses weak morphine-antagonist properties. Further pharmacological studies of the metabolites of thebaine are recommended.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  奥列巴文 在 甲酸 、 palladium 10% on activated carbon 、 氢气 、 氧气 、 tetraphenylporphyrin 作用下， 以 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 、 甲醇 、 二氯甲烷 、 水 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 、 异丙醇 为溶剂， 5.0~80.0 ℃ 、101.33 kPa 条件下， 反应 48.0h， 生成 (R)-methylnaltrexone bromide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis of Naltrexone and (R)-Methylnaltrexone from Oripavine via Direct Oxidation of Its Quaternary Salts

  摘要：

  (R)-Methylnaltrexone and naltrexone were each prepared in four steps from oripavine in practical yields. The procedure involved quaternization of oripavine with cyclopropylmethyl halides, singlet oxygen oxidation of the quaternary salts, and the reduction of endo peroxides to 14-hydroxyketone functionalities. (R)-Methylnaltrexone was prepared from the corresponding R-diastereomer of the oripavine salt. All diastereomeric mixtures of the quaternary salts were subjected to N-demethylation with sodium thiolate to yield cyclopropyl methylnororipavine, which was converted into naltrexone by peracid oxidation and hydrogenation according to established procedures.

  DOI：

  10.1055/s-0034-1378808
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  吗啡 在 吡啶 、 manganese(IV) oxide 、 sodium hydroxide 、 potassium hydride 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 甲醇 为溶剂， 反应 8.5h， 生成 奥列巴文
  参考文献：
  名称：

  由可待因和吗啡合成蒂巴因和奥利巴韦恩。

  摘要：

  分别从可待因和吗啡开发了蒂巴因和奥利巴韦的实用合成方法。尝试使用可待因酮中间体收率不高；然而，可待因的钾盐甲基化得到可待因甲醚，然后用γ-MnO2氧化，可待因的蒂巴因收率为67％。类似地，吗啡的二-O-阴离子的钾盐被选择性地烷基化，以高于90％的收率得到吗啡6-甲基醚（杂可待因）。然后将异可待因乙酰化并氧化为3-乙酸奥维帕文，将其水解以从吗啡中以73％的产率得到奥维帕文。

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm00245a006

文献信息

• One-pot N-dealkylation and acid-catalyzed rearrangement of morphinans into aporphines
  作者：Sándor Berényi、Zsuzsanna Gyulai、Antal Udvardy、Attila Sipos

  DOI：10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.103

  日期：2010.2

  The one-pot N-demethylation and acid-catalyzed rearrangement of morphinan-N-oxides offers a new, shorter and more efficient route to neuropharmacologically important N-substituted aporphines. An improved procedure is described for the preparation of the starting alkaloid N-oxides using Na2WO4 as catalyst. The transetherification during the rearrangement of codeinone into 2-O-alkyl-norapocodeines is

  一锅N-去甲基化和吗啡喃-N-氧化物的酸催化重排提供了一条新的，更短且更有效的途径来获得神经药理学上重要的N-取代的紫杉醇。描述了使用Na 2 WO 4作为催化剂制备起始生物碱N-氧化物的改进方法。记录了可待因酮重排成2 - O-烷基-诺拉普可待因期间的酯交换作用。
• N-Demethylation of N-methyl alkaloids with ferrocene
  作者：Gaik B. Kok、Peter J. Scammells

  DOI：10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.031

  日期：2010.8

  ferrocene has been found to be a convenient and efficient catalyst for the N-demethylation of a number of N-methyl alkaloids such as opiates and tropanes. By judicious choice of solvent, good yields have been obtained for dextromethorphan, codeine methyl ether, and thebaine. The current methodology is also successful for the N-demethylation of morphine, oripavine, and tropane alkaloids, producing the corresponding

  在Polonovski-型条件下，发现二茂铁是一种方便有效的催化剂，可用于许多N-甲基生物碱（如鸦片剂和托烷）的N-脱甲基化。通过明智地选择溶剂，右美沙芬，可待因甲醚和蒂巴因获得了良好的收率。当前的方法学还成功地用于吗啡，奥利巴韦和托烷生物碱的N-去甲基化，以合理的收率生产相应的N -nor化合物。关键的药物中间体，如羟考酮和羟吗啡酮也很容易使用这种方法进行N-去甲基化。
• The first synthesis of 3-deoxyoripavine and its utilization in the preparation of 10-deoxyaporphines and cyprodime
  作者：Attila Sipos、Antal Udvardy、Attila Bényei、Sándor Berényi

  DOI：10.2478/s11532-013-0256-x

  日期：2013.8.1

  AbstractThe synthesis of 3-deoxyoripavine (7) was realized as a novel and promising intermediate towards the synthesis of the important class of dopaminergic and/or serotonergic 10-deoxyaporphines and the special pharmacological tool µ opioid antagonist cyprodime. Generally, the preparation of these valuable biologically active compounds was achieved in remarkable yields.

  摘要 3-deoxyoripavine (7) 的合成被认为是一种新的、有前途的中间体，用于合成重要的多巴胺能和/或血清素能 10-脱氧阿朴啡和特殊的药理学工具 µ 阿片拮抗剂 cyprodime。通常，这些有价值的生物活性化合物的制备以显着的产率实现。
• PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OPIATES
  申请人：Francis A. Charles

  公开号：US20050261500A1

  公开（公告）日：2005-11-24

  A morphine component, e.g., a concentrate of poppy straw, is converted into codeine in high yield and high purity and in a highly controlled manner. The conversion process involves the following steps: (a) providing a solution or suspension of a morphine component in an inert solvent or a mixture of solvents; (b) methylating the resultant solution or suspension with a methylating agent in the presence of an alkaline ingredient; and (c) recovering the resultant codeine as the free base or as a salt.

  一种吗啡成分，例如罂粟秸秆浓缩物，以高产率、高纯度和高度受控的方式转化为可待因。转化过程涉及以下步骤：(a)在惰性溶剂或溶剂混合物中提供吗啡成分的溶液或悬浮液；(b)在碱性成分存在的情况下，用甲基化剂对所得溶液或悬浮液进行甲基化处理；以及(c)将所得的可待因作为自由碱或盐进行回收。
• SILICON BASED DRUG CONJUGATES AND METHODS OF USING SAME
  申请人：BlinkBio, Inc.

  公开号：US20170202970A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-07-20

  Described herein are silicon based conjugates capable of delivering one or more payload moieties to a target cell or tissue. Contemplated conjugates may include a silicon-heteroatom core, one or more optional catalytic moieties, a targeting moiety that permits accumulation of the conjugate within a target cell or tissue, one or more payload moieties (e.g., a therapeutic agent or imaging agent), and two or more non-interfering moieties covalently bound to the silicon-heteroatom core.

  本文描述了基于硅的共轭物，能够将一个或多个有效载荷基团传递到靶细胞或组织。考虑到的共轭物可能包括一个硅-杂原子核心，一个或多个可选的催化基团，一个定位基团，允许共轭物在靶细胞或组织内积累，一个或多个有效载荷基团（例如，治疗剂或成像剂），以及与硅-杂原子核心共价结合的两个或更多个不干扰基团。