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甜菜紫宁 | 7659-95-2

中文名称
甜菜紫宁
中文别名
甜菜苷(用糊精稀释的红甜菜根的提取物);甜菜红;甜菜苷
英文名称
betanin
英文别名
(2S)-4-[2-[(2S)-2-carboxy-6-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yl]ethenyl]-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
甜菜紫宁化学式
CAS
7659-95-2
化学式
C24H26N2O13
mdl
——
分子量
550.476
InChiKey
CTMLKIKAUFEMLE-FMOSSLLZSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 沸点:
    983.5±75.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.81±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    可微溶于水
  • LogP:
    -3.055 (est)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -1.3
  • 重原子数:
    39
  • 可旋转键数:
    8
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.42
  • 拓扑面积:
    247
  • 氢给体数:
    8
  • 氢受体数:
    15

安全信息

  • 安全说明:
    S24/25
  • 海关编码:
    3203001990

制备方法与用途

甜菜红色素是以食用红甜菜为原料,通过浸提、分离、浓缩、干燥而成的天然色素,主要成分为甜菜花青素,甜菜红为红紫至深紫色液体、粉末状,易溶于水、水溶液呈现红色至紫红色,色泽鲜艳。
甜菜红色素
甜菜红色素色泽鲜艳,着色均匀,无异味,具有较好的着色功能。甜菜红色素广泛应用于饮料、冰淇淋、部分酒类、糖果、糕点、肉制品等多种食品的着色。对食品的着色性好,且由于绝大多数食品的pH值都在3.0~7.0之间,而其颜色在此pH值区间不发生变化,故用甜菜红作为食品着色剂时,食品的色泽不会受pH值的影响。在生产低水分活性食品时,使用甜菜红可收到满意的染着和色泽持久的效果。与其他着色剂比较,在食品加工和储存过程中,甜菜红是比较稳定的。甜菜红能使食品着成杨梅或玫瑰的鲜红颜色。维生素C存在时略稳定,在多糖存在时可防止褪色,应用于不受热和光影响的冷果,特别是酸乳酪、乳饮料和草莓饮料,软冰及任何食品。
在用甜菜红色素与壳寡糖清除香肠中亚硝酸盐的研究发现,壳聚糖有良好的水分保持能力,但清除烟硝酸盐的能力比较热。而甜菜红色素具有很好的清除亚硝酸盐的能力,因此在生产香肠过程中,减少壳聚糖一般的用量,用甜菜红色素来加以补充,即可作为香肠的着色剂,又可作为亚硝酸盐的清除剂。甜菜红色素易溶于水和含水溶剂,为水溶性色素,难溶于醋酸、丙二醇,不溶于无水乙醇、甘油、丙酮、氯仿、油脂、乙醚等有机溶剂。甜菜红色素呈紫红色的液体、粉末或颗粒状固体,但其色调受PH值影响,当PH值在3.0-7.0时为红色,且较稳定;PH在4.0-5.0时最稳定;当PH<4.0或PH>7.0,颜色由红色变成紫色;当PH>10.0时,甜菜红色素中的甜菜色苷转化为甜菜黄质,溶液颜色迅速变黄,由此说明甜菜红色素在酸性和中性条件下较稳定。由于绝大多数食品的PH值都在3.0-7.0之间,而甜菜苷的颜色在此PH范围内不会发生变化,所以含有甜菜苷食品,其颜色一般不受PH值影响。可用于冷饮、乳制品、水果制品及不需要加热的食品的着色,不宜于饮料等,为红紫色着色剂。
添加剂中文名称
允许使用该种添加剂的食品中文名称
添加剂功能
最大允许使用量(g/kg)
最大允许残留量(g/kg)
甜菜红
食品
着色剂
按生产需要适量使用(有特别规定的除外)
化学性质
红色至紫红色膏状或粉末,无臭,水溶液呈红色至紫红色。可溶于水,不溶于乙醇。碱性溶液中变黄,Ph值3~7比较稳定;染着性好,但耐热性较差;光和氧会促进其降解。Ph值5.0时,半衰期为:1150min±100min(25℃),14.5min±2min(100℃);最大吸收波长为537~538nm。ADI不需特殊规定(FAO/WHO,1994)。
用途
作食品着色剂,我国规定可用于各类食品,按生产需要适量使用。
用途
天然红紫色食用色素。
生产方法
由食用红甜菜(Beta vulgaris var. rubra)的根茎(俗称紫菜头),用水萃取,萃取前宜先用2%亚硫酸氢钠液在95~98℃热烫10~15min以灭酶,提取液经浓缩得深红色浆料或红色粉末。制造过程中应除去天然存在的盐类、糖类及蛋白质。可添加食品级酸(如柠檬酸、乳酸、L-抗坏血酸)作为pH调节剂和稳定剂及载体(如麦芽糊精)和粉状成品的填充剂等。
生产方法
鲜甜菜在80℃的水中加热10min,切成3~5mm丝状后在室温下的水中浸泡40min,袋滤并压榨后滤渣再浸提一次,第二次滤液作第一次浸提用。滤液减压浓缩至1/3体积(含干物质40%左右),再喷雾(或真空)干燥得粉末产品,收率为60,含甜菜苷0.45%~0.8%。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    甜菜紫宁 生成 (2S,4E)-4-[2-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylimino]ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
    参考文献:
    名称:
    The Role of Phenolic Hydroxy Groups in the Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Betalains
    摘要:
    Free radical scavenging compounds play important roles as health-protecting factors. Betalains are natural water-soluble pigments present in most plant families belonging to the order Caryophyllales. They are the subject of increasing attention following the discovery of their antiradical capacity, but a systematic analysis of the structural features involved in the activity is necessary. In this paper, both natural and previously unconsidered betaxanthins were obtained in order to study the role of phenolic hydroxy groups in the high free radical scavenging activity of betalains. Pigments were characterized spectrophotometrically, chromatographically, and by ESI-MS, and their antiradical and antioxidant properties were studied under the ABTS(center dot+) radical and FRAP assays. A high intrinsic activity is described that is not linked to the presence of hydroxy groups or aromaticity in the pigment structure. In addition, the presence of phenolic hydroxy groups implies an enhancement of the antiradical activity, reaching a TEAC value in the ABTS(center dot+) assay of 5.8 +/- 0.2 for the pure compound with two hydroxy groups.
    DOI:
    10.1021/np900131r
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文献信息

  • New Pathways of Betanidin and Betanin Enzymatic Oxidation
    作者:Sławomir Wybraniec、Tadeusz Michałowski
    DOI:10.1021/jf2020107
    日期:2011.9.14
    of two prominent oxidation products, 2-decarboxy-2,3-dehydrobetanidin and 2,17-bidecarboxy-2,3-dehydrobetanidin, at pH 3 indicates their generation via two possible reaction routes with two different quinonoid intermediates: dopachrome derivative and quinone methide. Both reaction paths lead to the decarboxylative dehydrogenation of betanidin. Subsequent oxidation and rearrangement of the conjugated
    甜菜碱为具有5,6-二羟基部分的碱性甜菜碱,其导致其高抗氧化活性。为了结构研究的目的,进行了甜菜碱甜菜碱(5- O-葡萄糖基化甜菜碱)的酶氧化,然后通过分光光度法和质谱检测法(LC-DAD-MS / MS)对氧化产物进行色谱分离。内pH值4-8范围内,观察到betanidin的两个主要的氧化峰,betanidin醌(可能betanidin Ò-醌)和2-脱羧-2,3-脱氢贝塔丁,而在pH 3时仅检测到脱氢和脱羧衍生物,这表明产品在不同pH值下具有不同的稳定性。在pH 3处存在两种突出的氧化产物2-脱羧-2,3-脱氢贝塔丁和2,17-bide羧基-2,3-脱氢贝塔丁,表明它们是通过两种可能的反应途径与两种不同的醌类中间体生成的:多巴色素衍生物和醌甲基化物。两种反应路径均导致甜菜碱的脱羧脱氢。共轭发色体系的随后氧化和重排导致形成14,15-脱氢衍生物甜菜碱被氧化生成醌甲基化物中间体,该中间体重排为2,3-脱氢或新衍生物
  • Chlorination of Betacyanins in Several Hypochlorous Acid Systems
    作者:Sławomir Wybraniec、Karolina Starzak、Zbigniew Pietrzkowski
    DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06020
    日期:2016.4.13
    This study presents a comparative evaluation of chlorination of betanin, betanidin, and neobetanin exposed to sodium hypochlorite and myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2/Cl– systems. For betanin/betanidin, the chlorination takes place at the aglycone unit, but for neobetanin, no chlorinated products in the reaction mixtures can be detected. In the RP-HPLC system, monochloro-betanin/-betanidin were eluted earlier
    这项研究对暴露于次氯酸钠和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)/ H 2 O 2 / Cl –系统中的甜菜碱甜菜碱和新甜菜碱化作用进行了比较评估。对于甜菜碱/甜菜碱化反应发生在糖苷配基单元,但对于新甜菜碱,反应混合物中未检测到化产物。在RP-HPLC系统中,一-甜菜碱/ -betanidin的洗脱时间要早于其相应的未化底物。CL的影响- /对甜菜苷浓度betanidin在次氯酸钠和MPO系统化效率进行了研究。在pH值为3-5时,Cl-较高时,形成的一-甜菜碱/ -betanidin的产率急剧下降。浓度,表明在次氯酸钠存在下生成的Cl 2不是化剂。的Cl耐人寻味活性低2在甜菜苷/ betanidin化相比次氯酸和/或Cl 2 O可通过该攻击的特殊位置由次氯酸和/或Cl的分子进行说明2 O. h。在MPO / 2 ö 2 / Cl –系统,在pH 5时观察到最高的一-甜菜碱/ -betanidin生成效率。
  • Production of Dihydroxylated Betalains and Dopamine in Cell Suspension Cultures of <i>Celosia argentea</i> var. <i>plumosa</i>
    作者:Berenice Guadarrama-Flores、Mario Rodríguez-Monroy、Francisco Cruz-Sosa、Francisco García-Carmona、Fernando Gandía-Herrero
    DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00065
    日期:2015.3.18
    Betalains are plant pigments of hydrophilic nature with demonstrated chemopreventive potential in cancer cell lines and animal models. Among the betalains, those containing an aromatic moiety with two free hydroxyl groups possess the strongest antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The betaxanthins dopaxanthin and miraxanthin V and the betacyanins betanidin and decarboxy-betanidin are the only natural betalains with catecholic substructures. These four pigments have been produced in cell cultures established from hypocotyls of the plant Celosia argentea. Two stable and differentially colored cell lines, yellow and red, were maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with the plant growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (6.66 mu M) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (6.79 mu M). Derived suspension cultures showed increased production of dihydroxylated betalains in the cells and secreted to the medium with a maximum reached after 8 days of culture. In addition, precursor molecules betalamic acid and dopamine, with content up to 42.08 mg/g dry weight, were also obtained. The joint presence of the bioactive betalains together with the production of dopamine and betalamic acid show the ability of cell cultures of C. argentea to become a stable source of valuable phytochemicals.
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