香草酸的化学名称为“4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸”,分子式C8H8O4,分子量168.14。它是白色针状晶体,无气味,可以升华而不分解。熔点210℃。易溶于乙醇,可溶于乙醚,并微溶于水。与三氯化铁作用不显色。香草酸是胡黄连的有效成分之一,在胡黄连苷类的结构中,分别含有香草酸基、阿魏酸基和桂皮酰基,经过水解后即为香草酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸。香草酸也是胡黄连中的抗菌成分之一,测定其含量可以作为衡量胡黄连质量的标准。
制备方法: 以香草醛为原料通过氧化(使用氧化银)或碱熔(氢氧化钾,在240℃以下的条件下)可得之,或者从3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸部分脱去甲基而获得。
化学性质戊酸是一种无色液体,具有腐败气味。沸点为186.2℃,折射率nD20=1.4100,相对密度0.939,在20℃水中溶解度为13%,易溶于乙醇和乙醚等有机溶剂。
用途戊酸是制备杀菌剂己唑醇的原料,并具有抗细菌和真菌作用。此外,它还用于有机合成中制造香料、合成多种生物基环氧树脂和聚酯的前驱体。其制备方法包括通过1-戊醇电解氧化或甲酸与丁烯反应生成。反应方程式如下: [ \text{CH}_3(\text{CH}_2)_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}[\text{电解}]→[\text{O}_2]\text{CH}_3(\text{CH}_2)_3\text{COOH} ] [ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2+\text{HCOOH}→\text{CH}_3(\text{CH}_2)_3\text{COOH} ]
戊酸与氯化亚砜或三氯化磷反应可生成相应的戊酰氯: [ \text{CH}_3(\text{CH}_2)_3\text{COOH}+\text{SOCl}_2→\text{CH}_3(\text{CH}_2)_3\text{COCl}+\text{SO}_2↑+\text{HCl}↑ ]
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
藜芦酸 | Veratric acid | 93-07-2 | C9H10O4 | 182.176 |
香草酸甲酯 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester | 3943-74-6 | C9H10O4 | 182.176 |
3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate | 2150-38-1 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
原儿茶酸 | 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 99-50-3 | C7H6O4 | 154.122 |
3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 3-Methoxybenzoic acid | 586-38-9 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 1486-53-9 | C15H14O4 | 258.274 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄醇 | 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenol | 498-00-0 | C8H10O3 | 154.166 |
香草醛 | vanillin | 121-33-5 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
4-乙酰氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-acetoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 10543-12-1 | C10H10O5 | 210.186 |
4-苯甲酰氧基-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸 | 4-benzoyloxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid | 112777-58-9 | C15H12O5 | 272.257 |
4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 3-methoxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)benzaldehyde | 2426-87-1 | C15H14O3 | 242.274 |
—— | isovanillic acid-4-O-sulfate | 71235-86-4 | C8H8O7S | 248.213 |
—— | 4-acetoxymethyl-2-methoxyphenol | 57404-55-4 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
香草乙酮 | 1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone | 498-02-2 | C9H10O3 | 166.177 |
2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚 | 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol | 93-51-6 | C8H10O2 | 138.166 |
3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯丙酮 | 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one | 1835-14-9 | C10H12O3 | 180.203 |
3,4-二羟基苯甲醛 | 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde | 139-85-5 | C7H6O3 | 138.123 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde | 160097-39-2 | C16H16O6 | 304.299 |
4-(氨基甲基)-2-甲氧基苯酚盐酸盐 | Vanillylamin | 1196-92-5 | C8H11NO2 | 153.181 |
4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚 | 3-methoxy-4-hydroxystyrene | 7786-61-0 | C9H10O2 | 150.177 |
—— | 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropan-1-one | 709030-19-3 | C16H16O3 | 256.301 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲腈 | 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzonitrile | 4421-08-3 | C8H7NO2 | 149.149 |
—— | 4-α-Brom-propio-guajacon | 10035-17-3 | C10H11BrO3 | 259.1 |
3-甲氧基-4-羟基扁桃酸 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-mandelic acid | 55-10-7 | C9H10O5 | 198.175 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
藜芦酸 | Veratric acid | 93-07-2 | C9H10O4 | 182.176 |
3-O-甲基没食子酸 | 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid | 3934-84-7 | C8H8O5 | 184.149 |
丁香酸 | Syringic acid | 530-57-4 | C9H10O5 | 198.175 |
香草酸甲酯 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester | 3943-74-6 | C9H10O4 | 182.176 |
4-乙氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 3535-30-6 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate | 2150-38-1 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
3-乙氧基-异香草酸 | 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid | 2651-55-0 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
—— | vinyl vanillate | 1277161-39-3 | C10H10O4 | 194.187 |
香草酸乙酯 | ethyl vanillate | 617-05-0 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-(methoxymethoxy)benzoic acid | 5533-02-8 | C10H12O5 | 212.202 |
4-异丙氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-isopropoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 3535-33-9 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
3-甲氧基-4-丙氧基苯甲酸 | 4-n-propoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 3535-32-8 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
—— | 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 23294-55-5 | C10H12O5 | 212.202 |
4-烯丙基氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-(allyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 22280-97-3 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzoic acid | 85680-64-4 | C11H10O4 | 206.198 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid benzyl ester | —— | C15H14O4 | 258.274 |
3-甲氧基-4-(3'-羟基丙氧基)苯甲酸 | 4-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 100059-65-2 | C11H14O5 | 226.229 |
3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate | 6702-50-7 | C9H10O4 | 182.176 |
原儿茶酸 | 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 99-50-3 | C7H6O4 | 154.122 |
—— | 2-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-carboxyphenoxy)-ethane | 3263-55-6 | C18H18O8 | 362.336 |
—— | isopropyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 175796-45-9 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
4-[3-(4-羧基-2-甲氧基苯氧基)丙氧基]-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 1',3'-bis(4-carboxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane | 3018-48-2 | C19H20O8 | 376.363 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid allyl ester | 99865-83-5 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
4-异丁氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-isobutoxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid | 3535-35-1 | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸丙酯 | propyl vanillate | 6273-95-6 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
4-丁氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-n-butoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 3535-34-0 | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
—— | 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester | 3535-24-8 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
—— | 1',4'-bis(4-carboxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)butane | 3030-31-7 | C20H22O8 | 390.39 |
4-正戊氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-n-pentyloxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 95459-64-6 | C13H18O4 | 238.284 |
4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 1486-53-9 | C15H14O4 | 258.274 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester | —— | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
4-己氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸酯 | 4-n-hexyloxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 79294-58-9 | C14H20O4 | 252.31 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄醇 | 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenol | 498-00-0 | C8H10O3 | 154.166 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-(4-methoxyphenylmethoxy)benzoic acid | 113457-28-6 | C16H16O5 | 288.3 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxyethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 3273-13-0 | C18H18O8 | 362.336 |
—— | 4,4’-(pentane-1,5-diylbis(oxy))bis(3-methoxybenzoic acid) | 3030-32-8 | C21H24O8 | 404.417 |
—— | 1',6'-bis(4-carboxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)hexane | 145325-41-3 | C22H26O8 | 418.444 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-[(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxy]benzoic acid | —— | C13H16O4 | 236.268 |
3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester | 97966-31-9 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
香草醛 | vanillin | 121-33-5 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
2-甲基丙基4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸酯 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid isobutyl ester | 7152-88-7 | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
—— | 4-(heptyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 79294-57-8 | C15H22O4 | 266.337 |
香草酸丁酯 | butyl vanillate | 5348-74-3 | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
—— | 4-n-octyloxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 53346-59-1 | C16H24O4 | 280.364 |
—— | 4-n-tetradecyloxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 72930-85-9 | C22H36O4 | 364.525 |
—— | 4-n-nonyloxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 72930-82-6 | C17H26O4 | 294.391 |
—— | 4-n-hexadecyloxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 5693-28-7 | C24H40O4 | 392.579 |
3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 3-benzyloxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid | 58452-00-9 | C15H14O4 | 258.274 |
—— | 3,4-dimethoxy-benzoic acid propyl ester | —— | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
—— | trans-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxybut-2-enyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-66-6 | C20H20O8 | 388.374 |
4-乙酰氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 4-acetoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 10543-12-1 | C10H10O5 | 210.186 |
—— | 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxybutyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-51-9 | C20H22O8 | 390.39 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid phenyl ester | —— | C14H12O4 | 244.247 |
4-羧基甲氧基-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸 | (Carboxymethyl)vanillinsaeure | 19345-44-9 | C10H10O6 | 226.186 |
—— | 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxybut-2-ynyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-68-8 | C20H18O8 | 386.358 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid pentyl ester | —— | C13H18O4 | 238.284 |
4-(2-羟基乙氧基)-3-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate | 21903-52-6 | C11H14O5 | 226.229 |
4-乙氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸乙酯 | ethyl vanillate | 773134-71-7 | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
—— | 4-[(3'-carboxypropyl)oxy]-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 349536-22-7 | C12H14O6 | 254.24 |
3-甲氧基-4-(2-丙烯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 3-methoxy-4-(2-propenoxy)benzoate | 171002-53-2 | C12H14O4 | 222.241 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid isopentyl ester | —— | C13H18O4 | 238.284 |
—— | methyl 4-(2-bromoethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate | 871813-86-4 | C11H13BrO4 | 289.126 |
—— | 4-(2-chloroethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester | 214470-56-1 | C11H13ClO4 | 244.675 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzoic acid methyl ester | —— | C12H12O4 | 220.225 |
—— | [3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]phenyl]methyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-70-2 | C24H22O8 | 438.434 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸己酯 | n-hexyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 84375-71-3 | C14H20O4 | 252.31 |
—— | 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxypentyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-52-0 | C21H24O8 | 404.417 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid sec-butyl ester | —— | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
—— | [3,5-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]phenyl]methyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-72-4 | C33H30O12 | 618.594 |
3-甲酰基-4-羟基-5-甲氧基-苯甲酸 | 5-Formyl-vanillinsaeure | 712-53-8 | C9H8O5 | 196.16 |
—— | 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxyhexyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 84375-77-9 | C22H26O8 | 418.444 |
—— | 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxyheptyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-60-0 | C23H28O8 | 432.471 |
—— | 5-Hydroxymethyl-vanillinsaeure | 37941-98-3 | C9H10O5 | 198.175 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸辛酯 | octyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 5438-62-0 | C16H24O4 | 280.364 |
—— | 8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxyoctyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-61-1 | C24H30O8 | 446.497 |
—— | n-dodecyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 5447-01-8 | C20H32O4 | 336.472 |
—— | 10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxydecyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 84375-76-8 | C26H34O8 | 474.551 |
—— | 11-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxyundecyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1234569-91-5 | C27H36O8 | 488.578 |
—— | nonyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | —— | C17H26O4 | 294.391 |
—— | 9-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxynonyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1234569-89-1 | C25H32O8 | 460.524 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid decyl ester | 84375-73-5 | C18H28O4 | 308.418 |
—— | 1',3'-bis[2-methoxy-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy]propane | 130107-96-9 | C21H24O8 | 404.417 |
—— | hex-5-enyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1206849-89-9 | C14H18O4 | 250.295 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid-(2-methyl-butyl ester) | 73309-44-1 | C13H18O4 | 238.284 |
苯甲酸,4-(3-氯丙氧基)-3-甲氧基-,甲基酯 | methyl 4-(3-chloropropoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate | 111627-40-8 | C12H15ClO4 | 258.702 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid-(2-phenoxy-ethyl ester) | —— | C16H16O5 | 288.3 |
—— | 1',4'-bis<2-methoxy-(4-methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy>butane | 130107-97-0 | C22H26O8 | 418.444 |
4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoate | 56441-97-5 | C16H16O4 | 272.301 |
—— | ethyl 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate | 91555-86-1 | C12H16O5 | 240.256 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-methoxycarbonyloxy-benzoic acid | 186041-34-9 | C10H10O6 | 226.186 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-(3-methylphenoxy)benzoic acid | 1435949-35-1 | C15H14O4 | 258.274 |
—— | trichocolein | 178437-32-6 | C14H18O4 | 250.295 |
—— | 1',6'-bis<2-methoxy-(4-methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy>hexane | 145325-43-5 | C24H30O8 | 446.497 |
—— | 1',3'-bis[2-methoxy-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy]pentane | 145325-42-4 | C23H28O8 | 432.471 |
—— | 4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 113457-32-2 | C15H13FO4 | 276.264 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid phenethyl ester | —— | C16H16O4 | 272.301 |
—— | methyl 4-(4-chlorobutoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate | —— | C13H17ClO4 | 272.729 |
—— | methyl 3-(benzyloxy)-4-methoxybenzoate | 57535-57-6 | C16H16O4 | 272.301 |
—— | [2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]phenyl]methyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate | 1222380-63-3 | C24H22O8 | 438.434 |
—— | 2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl vanillate | —— | C16H16O5 | 288.3 |