magnesium sulfate

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱土金属氧阴离子化合物
• 英文名称: magnesium sulfate
• 英文别名: magnesium sulfate MgSO4, β；magnesium;sulfate
• 化学式: Mg*O₄S
• 分子量: 120.369
• InChiKey: CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.72
• 重原子数：
  6
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  88.6
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

未知

None

来源:DrugBank

代谢

硫酸镁通过静脉给药后的药代动力学特征可以用一个双室模型来描述，首先是快速的分布相（a相），然后是相对缓慢的消除β相。 消除途径：镁仅通过肾脏排出，其速率与血清浓度和肾小球滤过率成正比。 半衰期：43.2小时（新生儿）

Magnesium is almost exclusively excreted in the urine, with 90% of the dose excreted during the first 24 hours after an intravenous infusion of MgSO4. The pharmacokinetic profile of MgSO4 after intravenous administration can be described by a 2-compartment model with a rapid distribution (a) phase, followed by a relative slow beta phase of elimination. Route of Elimination: Magnesium is excreted solely by the kidney at a rate proportional to the serum concentration and glomerular filtration. Half Life: 43.2 hours (for newborns)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

镁是细胞内液体中第二丰富的阳离子。它对许多酶系统的活性至关重要，并在神经化学传递和肌肉兴奋性方面发挥重要作用。硫酸镁可以减少横纹肌收缩，并通过减少神经肌肉接头处的乙酰胆碱释放来阻断周围神经肌肉传递。此外，镁还通过二氢吡啶敏感的电压依赖性通道抑制钙离子的流入。这解释了它对血管平滑肌的放松作用的大部分原因。

Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

可能导致一种潜在危险性的皮疹，可能会发展成史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合症，这是一种极为罕见但可能致命的皮肤病。当镁浓度达到5至6.5毫摩尔/升时，会发生呼吸麻痹。当镁浓度超过7.5毫摩尔/升时，心脏传导会改变，当镁浓度超过12.5毫摩尔/升时，可能会出现心脏骤停。

May cause a potentially dangerous rash that may develop into Stevens Johnson syndrome, an extremely rare but potentially fatal skin disease. Respiratory paralysis occurs at 5 to 6.5 mmol/L. Cardiac conduction is altered at greater than 7.5 mmol/L, and cardiac arrest can be expected when concentrations of magnesium exceed 12.5 mmol/L.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响

哺乳期使用总结：静脉注射镁仅略微增加乳汁中镁的浓度，婴儿对镁的口服吸收不良，因此母体镁治疗预计不会影响哺乳婴儿的血清镁。尽管在分娩前给予静脉注射硫酸镁可能会影响婴儿的哺乳能力，但哺乳的意愿可能是决定开始哺乳的更重要因素。产后使用静脉注射硫酸镁超过6小时似乎会延迟乳汁的分泌。然而，患有更严重的前置胎盘的妇女更有可能接受硫酸镁输注，因此疾病的严重程度也可能在决定哺乳意愿中发挥作用。 对哺乳婴儿的影响：截至修订日期，未找到相关已发布信息。 对哺乳和乳汁的影响：一位因妊娠诱发高血压而接受3天静脉注射硫酸镁的母亲，乳汁生成II期延迟到产后第10天。尽管没有找到延迟的其他具体原因，但并未进行完整的检查。随后的对照临床试验发现，接受静脉注射硫酸镁治疗的母亲中没有乳汁分泌延迟的证据。一些（但不是全部）研究发现，由于胎盘将镁转移给胎儿，接受产时静脉注射硫酸镁治疗的母亲所生的婴儿在第一次喂养的时间增加或吸吮减少的趋势。另一项研究发现，在接受静脉注射硫酸镁治疗一天以内并打算哺乳的严重前置胎盘妇女中，接受常规婴儿护理的婴儿中有85%成功开始哺乳，而在NICU入院的婴儿中有69%成功开始哺乳。 一项研究将患有前置胎盘的妇女随机分配，在产后接受静脉注射硫酸镁6小时或24小时。两组之间的子痫发病率没有差异。然而，接受输注24小时的妇女乳汁分泌延迟，36.5小时与6小时组的25.7小时相比。 在9个拉丁美洲产科医院进行的前瞻性、多中心、随机、对照试验中，比较了至少接受8克硫酸镁的严重前置胎盘患者与安慰剂组。患者被随机分配继续接受硫酸镁治疗24小时（n = 555）或停止输注（n = 558）。在产后接受硫酸镁的患者乳汁分泌时间显著延迟（24.1 vs. 17.1小时）。

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Intravenous magnesium increases milk magnesium concentrations only slightly and oral absorption of magnesium by the infant is poor, so maternal magnesium therapy is not expected to affect the breastfed infant's serum magnesium. Although intravenous magnesium sulfate given prior to delivery might affect the infant's ability to breastfeed, intention to breastfeed may be a more important determinant of breastfeeding initiation. Postpartum use of intravenous magnesium sulfate for longer than 6 hours appears to delay the onset of lactation. However, women with more severe pre-eclampsia are more likely to receive magnesium sulfate infusions, so disease severity may also play a part in determining the intention to breastfeed. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:One mother who received intravenous magnesium sulfate for 3 days for pregnancy-induced hypertension had lactogenesis II delayed until day 10 postpartum. No other specific cause was found for the delay, although a complete work-up was not done. A subsequent controlled clinical trial found no evidence of delayed lactation in mothers who received intravenous magnesium sulfate therapy. Some, but not all, studies have found a trend toward increased time to the first feeding or decreased sucking in infants of mothers treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate during labor because of placental transfer of magnesium to the fetus. Another study found that among women with severe pre-eclampsia who received intravenous magnesium sulfate for up to one day postpartum and who intended to breastfeed, 85% of infants receiving routine well-baby care and 69% of those admitted to the NICU, breastfeeding was successfully initiated. A study randomized women with preeclampsia to receive intravenous magnesium sulfate for either 6 or 24 hours postpartum. There was no difference in the rate of eclampsia between the two groups. However, those who received the infusion for 24 hours had a delayed onset of lactation, 36.5 hours compared with 25.7 hours in the 6-hour group. A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in 9 Latin American maternity hospitals compared patients with severe pre-eclampsia who had received at least 8 grams of magnesium sulfate prior to placebo. Patients were randomized to continue magnesium sulfate for 24 hours postpartum (n = 555) or stopping the infusion (n = 558). The time to lactation was significantly delayed in those who received magnesium sulfate postpartum (24.1 vs. 17.1 hours).

来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶和通过吞食被吸收进人体。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

镁仅通过肾脏排出，其速率与血清浓度和肾小球滤过率成正比。

Magnesium is excreted solely by the kidney at a rate proportional to the serum concentration and glomerular filtration.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

硫酸镁通过肾脏排泄的速度因患者而异，但与血清浓度和肾小球滤过率成正比。

Magnesium sulfate is excreted by the kidneys at a rate that varies from one patient to another but that is directly proportional to the serum concn and glomerular filtration.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

硫酸镁治疗子痫前期和子痫后，胎儿血浆中镁的浓度增加，并逐渐接近母体血液中的值。

PLASMA CONCN OF MAGNESIUM INCR IN FETUS & APPROACH MATERNAL BLOOD VALUES AFTER MAGNESIUM SULFATE ADMIN IN ECLAMPSIA & PREECLAMPSIA.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  magnesium sulfate 生成 氢氧化镁
  参考文献：
  名称：

  KARNAEV, N. A.;GORBUNOVA, L. I.;SOKOLOV, V. N.;TARUNIN, V. S.;SAVINYX, YU+

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  硫酸 生成 magnesium sulfate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  MARTENSSON, LEIF B.;HEIKKILA, KAARINA

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  thioacetic acid O-methyl ester 、 sodium methylate 、 氯乙腈 、 甲醇 在 水 、 乙醚 、 magnesium sulfate 作用下， 反应 16.5h， 以of 2-[(cyanomethyl)thio]acetic acid methyl ester are obtained b.p.10mm 132°-134°的产率得到2-[(氰基甲基)硫代]乙酸甲酯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Cyanomethylthioacetylcephalosporins

  摘要：

  下列一般式的新青霉烷类化合物和它们的盐，其中： ##SPC1## 其中，R为氢或以下离子组成的盐形离子，该离子组成包括铝、碱金属、碱土金属、较低的烷基胺、苯基-较低的烷基胺、N,N'-二苯乙二胺、普鲁卡因或较低的烷基哌嗪；R1和R2分别为氢、较低的烷基、较低的烯基、苯基、羟基苯基、氯苯基、苄基、苯乙基，或R1和R2一起组成一个环戊基或环己基；R3为氢、较低的烷基或较低的烯基；X为较低的烷氧基或较低的烷硫基。这些化合物可用作抗菌剂。

  公开号：

  US03932397A1

文献信息

• AZAADAMANTANE DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE
  申请人：AbbVie Inc.

  公开号：US20150158867A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-06-11

  The invention relates to compounds that are azaadamantane derivatives, particularly ether- or amine-substituted azaadamantane derivatives and salts and prodrugs thereof, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds and compositions, processes for preparing such compounds, and intermediates obtained during such processes.

  本发明涉及的化合物是氮杂金刚烷衍生物，特别是醚或胺基取代的氮杂金刚烷衍生物及其盐和前药，包括这种化合物的组合物，使用这种化合物和组合物的方法，制备这种化合物的过程以及在这种过程中获得的中间体。
• Dihydroindolone compounds, a process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
  申请人：Ortuno Jean-Claude

  公开号：US20110034460A1

  公开（公告）日：2011-02-10

  Compounds of formula (I): wherein: m and n represent 1 or 2, A represents a pyrrolyl group, X represents a C(O), S(O) or SO 2 group, R 1 and R 2 represent an alkyl group or, together with the nitrogen atom carrying them, form a heterocyclic group, R 3 and R 4 , together with the atoms carrying them, form a heterocyclic group, R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. Medicinal products containing the same which are useful in treating cancer.

  式(I)的化合物： 其中，m和n表示1或2，A代表吡咯基团，X代表C(O)、S(O)或SO2基团，R1和R2代表烷基或与它们所带的氮原子一起形成杂环基团，R3和R4与它们所带的原子一起形成杂环基团，R5代表氢原子或烷基，R6代表氢原子或卤素原子。 含有这些化合物的药物对治疗癌症有用。
• Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator
  申请人：Hamaoka Shinichi

  公开号：US20120004315A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-01-05

  The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I); [wherein T represents a single bond, a C1-C4 alkylene group which may have a substituent and the like; formula (I-1) represents a single bond or a double bond; A represents a single bond, a bivalent 5- to 14-membered heterocyclic group which may have a substituent and the like; Y represents a single bond and the like; Z represents a methylene group and the like; ring G represents a phenylene group and the like which may condense with a 5- to 6-membered ring and may have a heteroatom; R a and R b are the same as or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom and the like; W represents a single bond and the like; R′ represents 1 to 4 independent hydrogen atoms and the like; and R″ represents 1 to 4 independent hydrogen atoms and the like] or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof.

  本发明提供一种由以下式（I）表示的化合物; [其中T表示单键，可能具有取代基的C1-C4烷基和类似物；式（I-1）表示单键或双键；A表示单键，可能具有取代基的双价5-至14-成员杂环基和类似物；Y表示单键和类似物；Z表示亚甲基基团和类似物；环G表示苯基团和类似物，可能与5-至6-成员环缩合并可能具有杂原子；Ra和Rb相同或不同，表示氢原子和类似物；W表示单键和类似物；R'表示1到4个独立的氢原子和类似物；R''表示1到4个独立的氢原子和类似物]或其盐或水合物。
• 2,3-Dihydro-5-alkoxy-5-phenyl-5H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindoles
  申请人：Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.

  公开号：US03931217A1

  公开（公告）日：1976-01-06

  Novel 2[2-(1,3-diazacycloalk-2-enyl)]benzophenone compounds and novel 1,3-diazacycloalkenyl[2,1-a]isoindole compounds having useful analgesic and psychostimulant properties are prepared inter alia by condensation of o-benzoylbenzaldehydes with aliphatic diamines.

  本发明涉及一种新型2-[2-(1,3-二氮杂环烷-2-烯基)]苯基酮化合物和新型1,3-二氮杂环烷基[2,1-a]异吲哚化合物，具有有用的镇痛和精神兴奋作用，其中包括通过o-苯甲酰苯甲醛与脂肪族二胺进行缩合反应制备。
• 10-Hydroxy PGC compounds
  申请人：Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc.

  公开号：US03931297A1

  公开（公告）日：1976-01-06

  10.alpha.-Hydroxy-11-desoxy-prostaglandin analogs of the PGE.sub.1 and PGE.sub.2 and PGF.sub.1.sub..alpha. and PGF.sub.2.sub..alpha. series, the 11-dehydro derivatives thereof as well as the 9,10-ketals in the PGF series, and methods of preparing same, 9-keto-10.alpha.,15.alpha.-dihydroxyprosta-13-trans-enoic or 5-cis,13-trans-dienoic acid, 9.alpha.,10.alpha.,15.alpha.-trihydroxyprosta-11,13-trans-dienoic or 5-cis, 11,13-trans-trienoic acid and 9.alpha.,10.alpha.-isopropyli-denedioxy-15.alpha.-hydroxyprosta-13-trans-e noic or 5-cis,13-trans-dienoic acid are representative of the class. Also included are the corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic esters, ethers and salts. These compounds possess prostaglandin-like activity and thus are useful in the treatment of mammals, where prostaglandins are indicated.

  这段文字描述的是PGE.sub.1和PGE.sub.2以及PGF.sub.1.sub..alpha.和PGF.sub.2.sub..alpha.系列的10.alpha.-羟基-11-去氧前列腺素类似物，其11-去氢衍生物以及PGF系列中的9,10-环缩醚衍生物，以及制备这些化合物的方法。这个类别的代表包括9-酮-10.alpha.，15.alpha.-二羟基前列腺-13-反-烯酸或5-顺，13-反-二烯酸，9.alpha.，10.alpha.，15.alpha.-三羟基前列腺-11,13-反-烯酸或5-顺，11,13-反-三烯酸和9.alpha.，10.alpha.-异丙基环氧-15.alpha.-羟基前列腺-13-反-烯酸或5-顺，13-反-二烯酸。此外，还包括相应的药用可接受的、无毒的酯、醚和盐。这些化合物具有前列腺素样活性，因此在需要前列腺素的哺乳动物的治疗中有用。

表征谱图