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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 硅烷

    硅烷

    硅烷也被称为硅氢化合物，是由硅和氢两种元素组成的化合物。最简单的代表物如甲硅烷（SiH₄）和乙硅烷（Si₂H₆），在组成、结构及物理性质方面与烷烃相似，但亦存在差异。硅烷通常只包含数量不多的硅原子同系物，目前已知最长的链是Si₆H₁₄。

    相较于烷烃，硅烷的化学性质更为活泼，Si—H键比C—H键更容易断裂，且热稳定性较差，容易分解为硅和氢。分子量较大的硅烷更加不稳定，在空气中易自燃生成二氧化硅（SiO₂）和水，并能被碱溶液水解。然而，烷基取代的硅烷则具有较好的热稳定性，例如(CH₃)₄Si在空气中不会发生自燃。

    室温下，硅烷与卤素反应极为剧烈，可生成卤硅烷；在催化剂存在的情况下，还能与卤化氢作用生成相应的卤化物。尽管硅烷难以合成，目前仍处于理论研究阶段。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2-{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-1-methylpropyl)amine 1228431-46-6 C20H29NOSi
    (2-{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-1-methylpropyl)amine
    —— Chloromethylphenylsilane 1631-82-9 C7H8ClSi
    Chloromethylphenylsilane
    —— Trihexylsilane 2929-52-4 C18H39Si
    Trihexylsilane
    —— Chlorodimethylsilane 1066-35-9 C2H6ClSi
    Chlorodimethylsilane
    —— Methyldiethoxysilane 2031-62-1 C5H13O2Si
    Methyldiethoxysilane
    —— trimethoxysilyl radical 99702-90-6 C3H9O3Si
    trimethoxysilyl radical
    —— Phenylsilane 694-53-1 C6H5Si
    Phenylsilane
    —— Silicopropane 7783-26-8 Si3
    Silicopropane
    —— Dimethylethoxysilane 14857-34-2 C4H11OSi
    Dimethylethoxysilane
    —— 1,1,1,3,3,5,5-Heptamethyltrisiloxane 2895-07-0 C7H21O2Si3
    1,1,1,3,3,5,5-Heptamethyltrisiloxane
    —— 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octamethylcyclotetrasilazane 2587-47-5 C8H24N4Si4
    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octamethylcyclotetrasilazane
    —— Einecs 253-761-8 38051-57-9 C12H26ClSi
    Einecs 253-761-8
    —— Tris(trimethylsilyl)germane 104164-54-7 C9H28GeSi3
    Tris(trimethylsilyl)germane
    —— (2S,4R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)pentan-2-ol 571206-60-5 C11H26O2Si
    (2S,4R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)pentan-2-ol
    —— Tripropylsilane 998-29-8 C9H21Si
    Tripropylsilane
    —— Tris(2-chloroethoxy)silane 10138-79-1 C6H12Cl3O3Si
    Tris(2-chloroethoxy)silane
    —— N,O-bis(diethylhydrogensilyl)trifluoroacetamide 105384-38-1 C10H22F3NOSi2
    N,O-bis(diethylhydrogensilyl)trifluoroacetamide
    —— (E)-trimethyl (3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)silane 55364-28-8 C6H11F3Si
    (E)-trimethyl (3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)silane
    —— 4-bromo-1-fluoro-2-<<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>methyl>benzene 99725-14-1 C13H20BrFOSi
    4-bromo-1-fluoro-2-<<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>methyl>benzene
    —— (R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-(octadecyloxy)propan-2-ol 866784-45-4 C27H58O3Si
    (R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-(octadecyloxy)propan-2-ol
    —— (C2H5)2SiH2 542-91-6 C4H10Si
    (C2H5)2SiH2
    —— Diethylchlorosilane 1609-19-4 C4H10ClSi
    Diethylchlorosilane
    —— 1,4-Bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene 228860-42-2 C10H16Si2
    1,4-Bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene
    —— 5-[2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)-9H-purin-9-yl]-3-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol 701278-05-9 C27H33N5O4Si
    5-[2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)-9H-purin-9-yl]-3-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol
    —— [2-(5-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-methylidenecyclohexylidene)ethyl](oxo)diphenyl-lambda~5~-phosphane 100858-27-3 C27H37O2PSi
    [2-(5-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-methylidenecyclohexylidene)ethyl](oxo)diphenyl-lambda~5~-phosphane
    —— 37013-20-0 C6H14NaO2Si
    —— dimethyl(4-vinylphenyl)silane 4556-72-3 C10H14Si
    dimethyl(4-vinylphenyl)silane
    —— Dimethylisopropylsilane 18209-61-5 C5H13Si
    Dimethylisopropylsilane
    —— (3S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxybutanoic acid 911634-87-2 C15H31NO5Si
    (3S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxybutanoic acid
    —— 3-(t-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-fluorobenzaldehyde 478930-07-3 C14H21FO2Si
    3-(t-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-fluorobenzaldehyde
    —— trimethyl((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy)silane 1422378-43-5 C12H23BO3Si
    trimethyl((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy)silane
    —— (2S,4R,5R)-dimethyl 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-hydroxypiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate 1429476-48-1 C15H29NO6Si
    (2S,4R,5R)-dimethyl 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-hydroxypiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate
    —— 8-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline 892878-82-9 C21H32BNO3Si
    8-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline
    —— (5-aminopenta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)trimethylsilane 918871-52-0 C8H13NSi
    (5-aminopenta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)trimethylsilane
    —— germanium,trimethylsilicon 104164-54-7 C9H28GeSi3
    germanium,trimethylsilicon
    —— tris(triphenylsilylethynyl)phosphine 923013-77-8 C60H45PSi3
    tris(triphenylsilylethynyl)phosphine
    —— 4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate 865869-24-5 C13H23F3O4SSi
    4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— (4-chlorophenyl)triphenylsilane 18737-42-3 C24H19ClSi
    (4-chlorophenyl)triphenylsilane
    —— Dimethylsilyl (T-butylamido) tetramethylcyclopentadienyl zirconium dichloride 135425-89-7 C15H27Cl2NSiZr-
    Dimethylsilyl (T-butylamido) tetramethylcyclopentadienyl zirconium dichloride
    —— Trimethylsilylmethylphosphonyldichlorid 13433-51-7 C4H11Cl2OPSi
    Trimethylsilylmethylphosphonyldichlorid
    —— bis(3-bromophenyl)diphenylsilane 500886-98-6 C24H18Br2Si
    bis(3-bromophenyl)diphenylsilane
    —— tris(dimethylphosphinomethyl)methylsilane 89129-44-2 C10H27P3Si
    tris(dimethylphosphinomethyl)methylsilane
    —— tert-butyldichlorosilane 85121-42-2 C4H10Cl2Si
    tert-butyldichlorosilane
    —— tert-butyl(cyclohex-1-en-1-yloxy)dimethylsilane 62791-22-4 C12H24OSi
    tert-butyl(cyclohex-1-en-1-yloxy)dimethylsilane
    —— 2-pyridyldimethylsilane 21032-48-4 C7H11NSi
    2-pyridyldimethylsilane
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinane 14879-83-5 C5H12O2Si
    2,2-dimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinane
    —— 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3-trimethylsilanyloxy-3-(4-vinyl-phenyl)-trisiloxane 18547-54-1 C17H34O3Si4
    1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3-trimethylsilanyloxy-3-(4-vinyl-phenyl)-trisiloxane
    —— diisopropylaminosilane 908831-34-5 C6H17NSi
    diisopropylaminosilane
    —— (6S,9R)-6-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-9-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-5-one 1190363-46-2 C25H33F2NO2Si
    (6S,9R)-6-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-9-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-5-one
    —— tert-butyl(((3aR,4R,6aR)-6-chloro-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)methoxy)dimethylsilane 1000982-02-4 C14H27ClO4Si
    tert-butyl(((3aR,4R,6aR)-6-chloro-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)methoxy)dimethylsilane