硅烷也被称为硅氢化合物,是由硅和氢两种元素组成的化合物。最简单的代表物如甲硅烷(SiH₄)和乙硅烷(Si₂H₆),在组成、结构及物理性质方面与烷烃相似,但亦存在差异。硅烷通常只包含数量不多的硅原子同系物,目前已知最长的链是Si₆H₁₄。
相较于烷烃,硅烷的化学性质更为活泼,Si—H键比C—H键更容易断裂,且热稳定性较差,容易分解为硅和氢。分子量较大的硅烷更加不稳定,在空气中易自燃生成二氧化硅(SiO₂)和水,并能被碱溶液水解。然而,烷基取代的硅烷则具有较好的热稳定性,例如(CH₃)₄Si在空气中不会发生自燃。
室温下,硅烷与卤素反应极为剧烈,可生成卤硅烷;在催化剂存在的情况下,还能与卤化氢作用生成相应的卤化物。尽管硅烷难以合成,目前仍处于理论研究阶段。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 二(二甲氨基)二甲基硅 | bis(diethylamino)dimethylsilane | 4669-59-4 | C10H26N2Si |
| 二(二(三甲基硅烷基)氨基)-二氯-锆 | dichlorobis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]zirconium | 70969-28-7 | C12H36Cl2N2Si4Zr |
| 二(三甲基硅烷基)酰胺基铪(IV)氯化物 | BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)AMIDOHAFNIUM(IV) CHLORIDE | 70969-29-8 | C12H36Cl2HfN2Si4 |
| 二(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙炔 | Bis(trimethylsilyl)ethyne | 14630-40-1 | C8H18Si2 |
| 乙酸三甲基硅甲基酯 | trimethylsilylmethyl acetate | 2917-65-9 | C6H14O2Si |
| 乙烯氧基三甲基硅烷 | trimethylsiloxyethene | 6213-94-1 | C5H12OSi |
| 乙烯基二甲基乙氧基硅烷 | ethoxydimethylvinylsilane | 5356-83-2 | C6H14OSi |
| 乙烯基乙基二氯硅烷 | (dichloro)(ethyl)vinylsilane | 10138-21-3 | C4H8Cl2Si |
| 乙烯基三苯基硅烷 | vinyltriphenylsilane | 18666-68-7 | C20H18Si |
| 乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷 | (vinyl)trimethoxylsilane | 2768-02-7 | C5H12O3Si |
| 乙烯基三甲基硅烷 | Vinyltrimethylsilane | 754-05-2 | C5H12Si |
| 乙烯基三氯硅烷 | trichlorovinylsilane | 75-94-5 | C2H3Cl3Si |
| 乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷 | tris(2-methoxy ethoxy)-vinyl silane | 1067-53-4 | C11H24O6Si |
| 乙基二甲基氯硅烷 | ethyldimethylsilyl chloride | 6917-76-6 | C4H11ClSi |
| 乙基三甲基硅烷 | trimethylsilylethane | 3439-38-1 | C5H14Si |
| 乙基三氯硅烷 | ethyltrichlorosilane | 115-21-9 | C2H5Cl3Si |
| 丙烯基三氯硅烷 | allyltrichlorosilane | 107-37-9 | C3H5Cl3Si |
| 丙炔氧基三甲基硅烷 | (propargyloxy)trimethylsilane | 5582-62-7 | C6H12OSi |
| 丙基二甲基氯硅烷 | dimethylpropylsilyl chloride | 17477-29-1 | C5H13ClSi |
| 丙基三甲氧基硅烷 | n-propyltrimethoxysilane | 1067-25-0 | C6H16O3Si |
| 丙基三氯硅烷 | n-propyltrichlorosilane | 141-57-1 | C3H7Cl3Si |
| 丙基三乙酰氧基硅烷 | triacetoxy-propyl-silane | 17865-07-5 | C9H16O6Si |
| 三苯基硅醇 | triphenylhydroxysilane | 791-31-1 | C18H16OSi |
| 三苯基硅烷基叠氮化物 | triphenylsilyl azide | 5599-34-8 | C18H15N3Si |
| 三苯基硅烷 | HSiPh3 | 789-25-3 | C18H16Si |
| 三苯基氯硅烷 | Triphenylchlorosilane | 76-86-8 | C18H15ClSi |
| 三硅烷 | trisilane | 7783-26-8 | H8Si3 |
| 三甲氧基硅烷 | trimethoxysilane | 2487-90-3 | C3H10O3Si |
| 三甲氧基(五氟苯基)硅烷 | 1,2,3,4,5-Pentafluoro-6-(trimethoxysilyl)benzene | 223668-64-2 | C9H9F5O3Si |
| 三甲基苯基硅烷 | trimethylphenylsilane | 768-32-1 | C9H14Si |
| 三甲基硅烷基 2-(氟磺酰基)二氟乙酸酯 | trimethylsilyl-2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulphonyl)acetate | 120801-75-4 | C5H9F3O4SSi |
| 三甲基硅烷二乙基磷酰乙酸酯 | trimethylsilyl-P,P-diethylphosphonoacetate | 66130-90-3 | C9H21O5PSi |
| 三甲基硅基甲醇 | (trimethylsilyl)methanol | 3219-63-4 | C4H12OSi |
| 三甲基硅基异氰酸酯 | trimethylsilyl isocyanate | 1118-02-1 | C4H9NOSi |
| 三甲基硅乙酸酯 | trimethylsilyl acetate | 2754-27-0 | C5H12O2Si |
| 三甲基甲硅烷基锡 | azidotrimethyltin | 1118-03-2 | C3H9N3Sn |
| 三甲基溴硅烷 | trimethylsilyl bromide | 2857-97-8 | C3H9BrSi |
| 三甲基氰硅烷 | trimethylsilyl cyanide | 7677-24-9 | C4H9NSi |
| 三甲基乙炔基硅 | trimethylsilylacetylene | 1066-54-2 | C5H10Si |
| 三甲基乙氧基硅烷 | Ethoxytrimethylsilane | 1825-62-3 | C5H14OSi |
| 三甲基[2-[(三甲基硅烷基)甲基]苄基]碘化铵 | <o-<(trimethylsilyl)methyl>benzyl>trimethylammonium iodide | 83781-47-9 | C14H26NSi*I |
| 三甲基-[2-[4-(2-苯基乙炔基)苯基]乙炔基]硅烷 | trimethyl((4-(phenylethynyl)phenyl)ethynyl)silane | 147492-76-0 | C19H18Si |
| 三甲基-(2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)硅烷 | trimethyl(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)silane | 20083-07-2 | C9H10F4Si |
| 三甲基(3,3,3-三氟丙-1-烯基)硅烷 | (E)-trimethyl(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)silane | 55364-28-8 | C6H11F3Si |
| 三甲基(2,3,4,5-四甲基-2,4-环戊二烯-1-基)硅烷 | (2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)trimethylsilane | 134695-74-2 | C12H22Si |
| 三甲基(1,2,3,4,5-五甲基环戊二烯基)硅烷 | pentamethylcyclopentadienyltrimethylsilane | 87778-95-8 | C13H24Si |
| 三甲基((4-((4-(苯基乙炔)苯基)乙炔)苯基)乙炔)硅烷 | trimethyl[4-(4-(phenylethynyl)phenylethynyl)phenylethynyl]silane | 518342-75-1 | C27H22Si |
| 三甲基((4-((4-((4-(苯基乙炔)苯基)乙炔)苯基)乙炔)苯基)乙炔)硅烷 | Trimethyl((4-((4-((4-(phenylethynyl)phenyl)ethynyl)phenyl)ethynyl)phenyl)ethynyl)silane | 484067-45-0 | C35H26Si |
| 三氯-(1-氯乙烯基)硅烷 | trichloro-(1-chloro-vinyl)-silane | 2441-27-2 | C2H2Cl4Si |
| 三氯(甲氧基甲基)硅烷 | methoxymethyltrichlorosilane | 33415-27-9 | C2H5Cl3OSi |