硅烷
硅烷也被称为硅氢化合物，是由硅和氢两种元素组成的化合物。最简单的代表物如甲硅烷（SiH₄）和乙硅烷（Si₂H₆），在组成、结构及物理性质方面与烷烃相似，但亦存在差异。硅烷通常只包含数量不多的硅原子同系物，目前已知最长的链是Si₆H₁₄。
相较于烷烃，硅烷的化学性质更为活泼，Si—H键比C—H键更容易断裂，且热稳定性较差，容易分解为硅和氢。分子量较大的硅烷更加不稳定，在空气中易自燃生成二氧化硅（SiO₂）和水，并能被碱溶液水解。然而，烷基取代的硅烷则具有较好的热稳定性，例如(CH₃)₄Si在空气中不会发生自燃。
室温下，硅烷与卤素反应极为剧烈，可生成卤硅烷；在催化剂存在的情况下，还能与卤化氢作用生成相应的卤化物。尽管硅烷难以合成，目前仍处于理论研究阶段。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | dimethyl(4-vinylphenyl)silane | 4556-72-3 | C10H14Si |
| —— | Dimethylisopropylsilane | 18209-61-5 | C5H13Si |
| —— | (3S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxybutanoic acid | 911634-87-2 | C15H31NO5Si |
| —— | 3-(t-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-fluorobenzaldehyde | 478930-07-3 | C14H21FO2Si |
| —— | trimethyl((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy)silane | 1422378-43-5 | C12H23BO3Si |
| —— | (2S,4R,5R)-dimethyl 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-hydroxypiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate | 1429476-48-1 | C15H29NO6Si |
| —— | 8-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline | 892878-82-9 | C21H32BNO3Si |
| —— | (5-aminopenta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)trimethylsilane | 918871-52-0 | C8H13NSi |
| —— | germanium,trimethylsilicon | 104164-54-7 | C9H28GeSi3 |
| —— | tris(triphenylsilylethynyl)phosphine | 923013-77-8 | C60H45PSi3 |
| —— | 4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 865869-24-5 | C13H23F3O4SSi |
| —— | (4-chlorophenyl)triphenylsilane | 18737-42-3 | C24H19ClSi |
| —— | (3-chlorophenyl)triphenylsilane | 18737-43-4 | C24H19ClSi |
| —— | Dimethylsilyl (T-butylamido) tetramethylcyclopentadienyl zirconium dichloride | 135425-89-7 | C15H27Cl2NSiZr- |
| —— | Trimethylsilylmethylphosphonyldichlorid | 13433-51-7 | C4H11Cl2OPSi |
| —— | bis(3-bromophenyl)diphenylsilane | 500886-98-6 | C24H18Br2Si |
| —— | tris(dimethylphosphinomethyl)methylsilane | 89129-44-2 | C10H27P3Si |
| —— | tert-butyldichlorosilane | 85121-42-2 | C4H10Cl2Si |
| —— | tert-butyl(cyclohex-1-en-1-yloxy)dimethylsilane | 62791-22-4 | C12H24OSi |
| —— | 2-pyridyldimethylsilane | 21032-48-4 | C7H11NSi |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinane | 14879-83-5 | C5H12O2Si |
| —— | 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3-trimethylsilanyloxy-3-(4-vinyl-phenyl)-trisiloxane | 18547-54-1 | C17H34O3Si4 |
| —— | diisopropylaminosilane | 908831-34-5 | C6H17NSi |
| —— | (6S,9R)-6-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-9-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-5-one | 1190363-46-2 | C25H33F2NO2Si |
| —— | tert-butyl(((3aR,4R,6aR)-6-chloro-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)methoxy)dimethylsilane | 1000982-02-4 | C14H27ClO4Si |
| —— | 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,3-isopropylidenedioxy-D-ribofuranose | 217309-46-1 | C14H28O5Si |
| —— | (2R,5S)-tert-butyl 2-(2-(3-amino-5-fluoropyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate | 1582731-81-4 | C23H40FN3O4Si |
| —— | (4R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-oxoazetidine-4-carboxylic acid | 82938-50-9 | C10H19NO3Si |
| —— | 1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-pentyne | 61362-77-4 | C11H22OSi |
| —— | tetra(furfuryloxy)silane | 2846-65-3 | C20H20O8Si |
| —— | phenyl(trimethylsilylethynyl)iodonium triflate | 133816-00-9 | CF3O3S*C11H14ISi |
| —— | benzyl (2S,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 185951-29-5 | C19H29NO4Si |
| —— | 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyldisilane | 16343-18-3 | C24H22Si2 |
| —— | sodium hexamethyldisilazane | 1070-89-9 | C6H18NNaSi2 |
| —— | 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene | 17985-72-7 | C10H18Si2 |
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