硅烷也被称为硅氢化合物,是由硅和氢两种元素组成的化合物。最简单的代表物如甲硅烷(SiH₄)和乙硅烷(Si₂H₆),在组成、结构及物理性质方面与烷烃相似,但亦存在差异。硅烷通常只包含数量不多的硅原子同系物,目前已知最长的链是Si₆H₁₄。
相较于烷烃,硅烷的化学性质更为活泼,Si—H键比C—H键更容易断裂,且热稳定性较差,容易分解为硅和氢。分子量较大的硅烷更加不稳定,在空气中易自燃生成二氧化硅(SiO₂)和水,并能被碱溶液水解。然而,烷基取代的硅烷则具有较好的热稳定性,例如(CH₃)₄Si在空气中不会发生自燃。
室温下,硅烷与卤素反应极为剧烈,可生成卤硅烷;在催化剂存在的情况下,还能与卤化氢作用生成相应的卤化物。尽管硅烷难以合成,目前仍处于理论研究阶段。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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三异丙基硅烷 | triisopropylsilane | 6485-79-6 | C9H22Si |
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三异丙基硅基乙炔 | Triisopropylsilylacetylene | 89343-06-6 | C11H22Si |
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三异丙基氯硅烷 | triisopropylsilyl chloride | 13154-24-0 | C9H21ClSi |
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三异丙基[(三甲基硅烷基)乙炔基]硅烷 | 1-(triisopropylsilyl)-2-(trimethylsilyl)acetylene | 107474-02-2 | C14H30Si2 |
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三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷 | vinyl triacetoxy silane | 4130-08-9 | C8H12O6Si |
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三乙酰氧基乙基硅烷 | Tri-acetoxy-ethyl-silan | 17689-77-9 | C8H14O6Si |
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三乙烯基甲基硅烷 | methyltrivinylsilane | 18244-95-6 | C7H12Si |
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三乙基硅烷 | triethylsilane | 617-86-7 | C6H16Si |
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三乙基矽乙炔 | 2-triethylsilylacetylene | 1777-03-3 | C8H16Si |
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三乙基氟硅烷 | triethylsilyl fluoride | 358-43-0 | C6H15FSi |
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三乙基叠氮基硅烷 | triethylsilyl azide | 5599-32-6 | C6H15N3Si |
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三乙基乙酰氧基硅烷 | triethylsilyl acetate | 5290-29-9 | C8H18O2Si |
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三乙基乙烯基硅烷 | vinyltriethylsilane | 1112-54-5 | C8H18Si |
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三[N,N-双(三甲基硅烷)胺]钪(III) | 2.2.2-cryptand | 37512-28-0 | C18H54N3ScSi6 |
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三[N,N-双(三甲基硅烷)胺]钕(III) | Nd[N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>3</sub> | 148274-47-9 | C18H54N3NdSi6 |
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三[4-(三甲基硅烷基)苯基]-膦 | tris-(4-trimethylsilylphenyl)-phosphine | 18848-96-9 | C27H39PSi3 |
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三(三甲基硅基)硅烷 | tris-(trimethylsilyl)silane | 1873-77-4 | C9H28Si4 |
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三(三甲基硅)胺 | tris(trimethylsilyl)amine | 1586-73-8 | C9H27NSi3 |
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三(三甲代甲硅烷基)亚磷酸盐 | tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite | 1795-31-9 | C9H27O3PSi3 |
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三(2-氯乙氧基)硅烷 | (Oet-2-Cl)3SiH | 10138-79-1 | C6H13Cl3O3Si |
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三(2-氯乙氧基)甲基硅烷 | meSi(Oet-2-Cl)3 | 6711-45-1 | C7H15Cl3O3Si |
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Γ-氯丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷 | 3-chloropropylmethyldiethoxysilane | 13501-76-3 | C8H19ClO2Si |
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p-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷 | 4-(triethoxysilyl)aniline | 7003-80-7 | C12H21NO3Si |
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n-十六烷基甲基二氯硅烷 | Dichlorohexadecylmethylsilane | 59086-81-6 | C17H36Cl2Si |
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[二氟(苯基磺酰基)甲基](三甲基)硅烷 | [(phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethyl]trimethylsilane | 536975-50-5 | C10H14F2O2SSi |
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[4-(2-溴乙基)苯氧基](t-丁基)二甲基硅烷 | (4-(2-bromoethyl)phenoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane | 620600-61-5 | C14H23BrOSi |
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[3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基]氨基甲酸炔丙酯 | 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione, 1-(triethoxysilyl)- | 88489-37-6 | C10H19NO5Si |
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[2-(烯丙氧基)]乙氧基三甲基硅烷 | 2-(2-propenyloxy)ethoxytrimethylsilane | 24628-30-6 | C8H18O2Si |
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[(1S)-2-[[(叔-丁基)二甲基硅烷基]氧基]-1-(羟基甲基)乙基]-氨基甲酸叔-丁酯 | tert-butyl (S)-(1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate | 185692-85-7 | C14H31NO4Si |
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O-(三甲基硅)羟胺 | O-Trimethylsilylhydroxylamine | 22737-36-6 | C3H11NOSi |
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N-苯基-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷 | N-phenyl-N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine | 3068-76-6 | C12H21NO3Si |
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N-癸基三乙氧基硅烷 | dodecyltriethoxysilane | 18536-91-9 | C18H40O3Si |
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N-甲基-3-(三乙氧基硅烷基)丙胺 | N-methyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 6044-50-4 | C10H25NO3Si |
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N-三甲基硅基乙酰胺 | N-Trimethylsilylacetamide | 13435-12-6 | C5H13NOSi |
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N-[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺 | [1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl]trimethoxysilane | 1760-24-3 | C8H22N2O3Si |
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N-(甲氧甲基)-N-(三甲基硅甲基)苄胺 | N-benzyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]amine | 93102-05-7 | C13H23NOSi |
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N-(2-氨基乙基)-N'-[3-(二甲氧基甲基硅烷基)丙基]-1,2-乙二胺 | N-(2-aminoethyl)-N'-[3-(dimethoxymethylsilyl)propyl]-1,2-ethanediamine | 99740-64-4 | C10H27N3O2Si |
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N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷 | N-[3-(diethoxymethylsilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine | 70240-34-5 | C10H26N2O2Si |
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N,O-双三甲硅基羟胺 | N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)hydroxylamine | 22737-37-7 | C6H19NOSi2 |
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N,N-二甲基三甲基硅胺 | N,N-Dimethyltrimethylsilylamine | 2083-91-2 | C5H15NSi |
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N,N',N'',N'''-四乙基-N,N',N'',N'''-四甲基硅烷四胺 | tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)silicon | 477284-75-6 | C12H32N4Si |
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D-吡喃甘露糖苷,乙基3-氨基-3-脱氧-1-硫代- | Tris(dimethylamino)azidosilane | 5599-36-0 | C6H18N6Si |
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9-三甲硅基-9H-咔唑 | N-(trimethylsilyl)-9H-carbazole | 74367-40-1 | C15H17NSi |
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5-己烯基甲基二氯硅烷 | 5-hexenylmethyldichlorosilane | 90054-19-6 | C7H14Cl2Si |
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5-(叔丁基二甲基硅杂氧基)-1-戊醇 | 5-(tert-butyldimethyl-silyloxy)pentan-1-ol | 83067-20-3 | C11H26O2Si |
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5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔-1-醇 | 5-trimethylsilanyl-pent-4-yn-1-ol | 13224-84-5 | C8H16OSi |
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4-溴四苯基硅烷 | 4-bromophenyltriphenylsilane | 18737-40-1 | C24H19BrSi |
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4-溴-1-氯-2-[[4-[[(叔丁基)二甲基硅烷基]氧基]苯基]甲基]苯 | (4-(5-bromo-2-chlorobenzyl)phenoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane | 864070-19-9 | C19H24BrClOSi |
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4-氯苯氯甲基二甲硅烷 | chloromethyl (4-chlorophenyl)-dimethyl silane | 770-89-8 | C9H12Cl2Si |
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4-氯-1-(三异丙基甲硅烷基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-B]吡啶-5-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-chloro-1-(triisopropylsilyl)-7-azaindole-5-carboxylate | 1310704-15-4 | C19H29ClN2O2Si |
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