硅烷
硅烷也被称为硅氢化合物，是由硅和氢两种元素组成的化合物。最简单的代表物如甲硅烷（SiH₄）和乙硅烷（Si₂H₆），在组成、结构及物理性质方面与烷烃相似，但亦存在差异。硅烷通常只包含数量不多的硅原子同系物，目前已知最长的链是Si₆H₁₄。
相较于烷烃，硅烷的化学性质更为活泼，Si—H键比C—H键更容易断裂，且热稳定性较差，容易分解为硅和氢。分子量较大的硅烷更加不稳定，在空气中易自燃生成二氧化硅（SiO₂）和水，并能被碱溶液水解。然而，烷基取代的硅烷则具有较好的热稳定性，例如(CH₃)₄Si在空气中不会发生自燃。
室温下，硅烷与卤素反应极为剧烈，可生成卤硅烷；在催化剂存在的情况下，还能与卤化氢作用生成相应的卤化物。尽管硅烷难以合成，目前仍处于理论研究阶段。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-三甲基硅基-3-丁炔-2-酮 | 4-trimethylsilyl-3-butyn-2-one | 5930-98-3 | C7H12OSi |
|
| 4-三甲基甲硅烷-3-丁炔-1-醇 | 4-(trimethylsilyl)but-3-yn-1-ol | 2117-12-6 | C7H14OSi |
|
| 4-三乙氧基硅基丁腈 | 3-cyanopropyl-triethoxysilane | 1067-47-6 | C10H21NO3Si |
|
| 4-[亚硝基(丙基)氨基]丁烷-1-醇 | 3-bromopropyltriethoxysilane | 52090-18-3 | C9H21BrO3Si |
|
| 4-O-乙酰基-3,6-二-O-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)-D-半乳醛 | 4-O-Acetyl-1,5-anhydro-3,6-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enitol | 163381-38-2 | C20H40O5Si2 |
|
| 4-O-乙酰基-3,6-DI-O-(叔-丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)-D-半乳醛 | 4-O-Acetyl-3,6-di-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-D-galactal | 342029-19-0 | C40H48O5Si2 |
|
| 4-(三甲基硅烷)苯硼酸 | (4-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl)boronic acid | 17865-11-1 | C9H15BO2Si |
|
| 4-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)环己烷羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}cyclohexanecarboxylate | 676560-15-9 | C15H30O3Si |
|
| 4,9-双((三异丙基甲硅烷基)乙炔基)萘并[2,3-C][1,2,5]噻二唑 | 4,9-bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole | 1027060-41-8 | C32H46N2SSi2 |
|
| 4,4'-二溴-2,2'-双(三异丙基硅烷基)-5,5'-联噻唑 | 4,4'-dibromo-2,2'-bis(triisopropylsilyl)-5,5'-bithiazole | 1223559-98-5 | C24H42Br2N2S2Si2 |
|
| 3-辛酰基硫代丙基三乙氧基硅烷 | 3-octanoylthio-1-propyltriethoxysilane | 220727-26-4 | C17H36O4SSi |
|
| 3-苄氧基[6-[2-（叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基）乙基]甲基氨基]吡啶 | 3-Benzyloxy[6-[2-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]methylamino]pyridine | 1076198-95-2 | C21H32N2O2Si |
|
| 3-甲基-3-三甲基甲硅烷氧基-1-丁炔 | 3-methyl-3-(trimethylsiloxy)-1-butyne | 17869-77-1 | C8H16OSi |
|
| 3-溴丙基三甲氧基硅烷 | (3-bromopropyl)trimethoxysilane | 51826-90-5 | C6H15BrO3Si |
|
| 3-溴-1-三甲基硅基-1-丙炔 | 3-bromo-1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne | 38002-45-8 | C6H11BrSi |
|
| 3-氯丙基二甲基甲氧基硅烷 | 3-chloropropyldimethylmethoxysilane | 18171-14-7 | C6H15ClOSi |
|
| 3-氯丙基二甲基乙烯基硅烷 | (3-chloropropyl)dimethyl(vinyl)silane | 88820-71-7 | C7H15ClSi |
|
| 3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷 | 3-Chloropropyltrimethoxysilan | 2530-87-2 | C6H15ClO3Si |
|
| 3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷 | 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 919-30-2 | C9H23NO3Si |
|
| 3-氨丙基二甲氧基甲基硅烷 | 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane | 3663-44-3 | C6H17NO2Si |
|
| 3-氨丙基三羟基硅烷 | 1-(3-Aminopropyl)silantriol | 58160-99-9 | C3H11NO3Si |
|
| 3-异氰酸酯基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷 | 3-isocyanatopropylmethyldimethoxysilane | 26115-72-0 | C7H15NO3Si |
|
| 3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷 | 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane | 14814-09-6 | C9H22O3SSi |
|
| 3-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-2-丙炔-1-醇 | 3-tert-butyldimethylsilylpropargyl alcohol | 120789-51-7 | C9H18OSi |
|
| 3-乙酰氧基丙基三氯硅烷 | acetic acid-(3-trichlorosilanyl-propyl ester) | 5290-25-5 | C5H9Cl3O2Si |
|
| 3-三甲基甲硅烷基-2-噁唑烷酮 | 3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-oxazolidinone | 43112-38-5 | C6H13NO2Si |
|
| 3-[1,3,3,3-四甲基-1-[(三甲基硅烷基)氧基]二硅氧基]丙基硫酸酯异丙基铵盐 | Isopropylammonium 3-[1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propyl sulfate | 5520-20-7 | C13H37NO6SSi3 |
|
| 3-(氮-环己胺)丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷 | N-(3-(Dimethoxy(methyl)silyl)propyl)cyclohexanamine | 120218-28-2 | C12H27NO2Si |
|
| 3-(叠氮基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷 | 3-azidopropyltriethoxysilane | 83315-69-9 | C9H21N3O3Si |
|
| 3-(叔丁基-二甲基-硅烷基OXY)-丙醛 | 3-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)propanal | 89922-82-7 | C9H20O2Si |
|
| 3-(三甲硅基)-1-丙醇 | 3-trimethylsilyl-1-propanol | 2917-47-7 | C6H16OSi |
|
| 3-(三甲基硅基)丙酸钠 | sodium trimethylsilylpropionate | 37013-20-0 | C6H13O2Si*Na |
|
| 3-(三甲基硅基)-4-戊烯酸甲酯 | methyl 3-(trimethylsilyl)-4-pentenoate | 185411-12-5 | C9H18O2Si |
|
| 3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丙酸乙酯 | ethyl 3-(trimethylsilyl)propynoate | 16205-84-8 | C8H14O2Si |
|
| 3,7-二溴-5,5-二甲基-5H-二苯并[B,D]硅杂环戊二烯 | (2,7-dibromo-9,9-dimethyl)silafluorene | 1228595-79-6 | C14H12Br2Si |
|
| 3,3-二氯-1,1,1,5,5,5-六甲基-三硅氧烷 | bis-trimethylsiloxy-dichlorosilane | 2750-44-9 | C6H18Cl2O2Si3 |
|
| 2-溴-5-(三甲基硅烷基)噻吩 | 2-bromo-5-trimethylsilylthiophene | 18246-28-1 | C7H11BrSSi |
|
| 2-氯乙氧基(二甲基)硅烷 | dimethyl chloro ethoxy silane | 1825-69-0 | C4H11ClOSi |
|
| 2-三甲基硅基-1,3-二噻吩 | 2-(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dithiane | 13411-42-2 | C7H16S2Si |
|
| 2-[(三甲氧基硅烷基)甲基]丁烷-1,4-二胺 | 1,4-Butanediamine, 2-[(trimethoxysilyl)methyl]- | 6037-49-6 | C8H22N2O3Si |
|
| 2-(二氯甲基硅烷基)乙基乙酸酯 | (2-acetoxy-ethyl)-dichloro-methyl-silane | 5578-41-6 | C5H10Cl2O2Si |
|
| 2-(三甲硅基)乙醇 | 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethanol | 2916-68-9 | C5H14OSi |
|
| 2-(三乙氧基硅烷基)丁腈 | α-Cyanopropyltriethoxysilan | 1627-95-8 | C10H21NO3Si |
|
| 2-(4-苯基磺酰氯)乙基三氯硅烷 | Benzenesulfonyl chloride, 4-[2-(trichlorosilyl)ethyl]- | 79793-00-3 | C8H8Cl4O2SSi |
|
| 2,5-双[(三甲基硅烷基)乙炔基]噻吩 | 2,5-bis-(trimethylsilyl)ethynylthiophene | 79109-69-6 | C14H20SSi2 |
|
| 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基甲基二甲氧基硅烷 | 1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluorooctyl(dimethoxy)(methyl)silane | 85857-17-6 | C11H13F13O2Si |
|
| 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷 | (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane | 78560-45-9 | C8H4Cl3F13Si |
|
| 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷 | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Heptadecafluorodecyltrichlorosilane | 78560-44-8 | C10H4Cl3F17Si |
|
| 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟十二基三乙氧基硅烷 | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyltriethoxysilane | 146090-84-8 | C18H19F21O3Si |
|
| 1-碘-3-[(叔-丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]丙烷 | 1-iodo-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propane | 78878-05-4 | C9H21IOSi |
|
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