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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-hydroxytropinone 5932-53-6 C8H13NO2
    6-hydroxytropinone
    —— Caradrin 466-06-8 C30H42O8
    Caradrin
    —— menthyl salicylate 89-46-3 C17H24O3
    menthyl salicylate
    —— Rhodojaponin III 26342-66-5 C20H32O6
    Rhodojaponin III
    —— gambogic acid 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    gambogic acid
    —— (3b<i>S</i>)-10b-methyl-(3b<i>r</i>,10a<i>c</i>,10b<i>t</i>)-Δ<sup>2,3a(12a)</sup>-decahydro-5a<i>t</i>,8<i>t</i>-methano-cyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]furan-7-one 108664-98-8 C19H24O2
    (3b<i>S</i>)-10b-methyl-(3b<i>r</i>,10a<i>c</i>,10b<i>t</i>)-Δ<sup>2,3a(12a)</sup>-decahydro-5a<i>t</i>,8<i>t</i>-methano-cyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]furan-7-one
    —— 16-Oxocafestol 108664-98-8 C19H24O2
    16-Oxocafestol
    —— Rhodionin 85571-15-9 C21H20O11
    Rhodionin
    —— Ursolic acid methylester 32208-45-0 C31H50O3
    Ursolic acid methylester
    —— Ursolinsaeuremethylester 32208-45-0 C31H50O3
    Ursolinsaeuremethylester
    —— 11,17-Dihydroxy-6-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 6870-94-6 C22H30O4
    11,17-Dihydroxy-6-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
    —— 3-oxo-N-phenyl-4-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalene-2-carboxamide 3789-75-1 C23H17N3O2
    3-oxo-N-phenyl-4-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalene-2-carboxamide
    —— gomisin C 58546-56-8 C30H32O9
    gomisin C
    —— methyl (3-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-phenyl-5H-furan-2-ylidene)phenylacetate 73622-57-8 C19H14O5
    methyl (3-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-phenyl-5H-furan-2-ylidene)phenylacetate
    —— 2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 32449-98-2 C39H63NO11
    2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— From Dendrobium nobile 2115-91-5 C16H25NO2
    From Dendrobium nobile
    —— 2-[2-[2-[6-[(1R,2S,3R,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    2-[2-[2-[6-[(1R,2S,3R,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Laminaran 9008-22-4 C18H32O16
    Laminaran
    —— sanggenone C 80651-76-9 C40H36O12
    sanggenone C
    —— (+)-isofebrifugine 496-32-2 C16H19N3O3
    (+)-isofebrifugine
    —— Harpagid 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    Harpagid
    —— harpagide 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    harpagide
    —— asatone 38451-63-7 C24H32O8
    asatone
    —— (1R,3S,6S,10S,11S)-3,12-dimethyl-7-methylidene-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-12-en-8-one 84692-91-1 C15H18O3
    (1R,3S,6S,10S,11S)-3,12-dimethyl-7-methylidene-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-12-en-8-one
    —— gypenoside-XVII 80321-69-3 C48H82O18
    gypenoside-XVII
    —— benzoylmesaconine 63238-67-5 C31H43NO10
    benzoylmesaconine
    —— epieudesmin 526-06-7 C22H26O6
    epieudesmin
    —— Diosmetin-7-O-α-D-glucopyranosid 20126-59-4 C22H22O11
    Diosmetin-7-O-α-D-glucopyranosid
    —— diosmetin-7-O-glucoside 20126-59-4 C22H22O11
    diosmetin-7-O-glucoside
    —— diosmetin 7-O-glucoside 20126-59-4 C22H22O11
    diosmetin 7-O-glucoside
    —— Tubeimoside 1 102040-03-9 C63H98O29
    Tubeimoside 1
    —— EsculentosideH 66656-92-6 C48H76O21
    EsculentosideH
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[(2R,4S,5R,13S,18S)-2-hydroxy-4,5,9,9,13,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 20736-08-7 C48H78O17
    (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[(2R,4S,5R,13S,18S)-2-hydroxy-4,5,9,9,13,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (1S,4S,7S,8S,11S,12R,13S)-2,12-Dimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-10-oxa-2-azatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one 2115-91-5 C16H25NO2
    (1S,4S,7S,8S,11S,12R,13S)-2,12-Dimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-10-oxa-2-azatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one
    —— α-santalol 115-71-9 C15H24O
    α-santalol
    —— (Z)-α-santalol 115-71-9 C15H24O
    (Z)-α-santalol
    —— dehydrobufothionine 475-39-8 C12H14N2O4S
    dehydrobufothionine
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[(4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S)-16-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 41753-55-3 C44H70O16
    (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[(4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S)-16-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3alpha,12beta)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- 80321-63-7 C47H80O17
    beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3alpha,12beta)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-bis[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]hexanal 13382-86-0 C18H32O16
    (2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-bis[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]hexanal
    —— (1R,7S,10S,12R,13S,14R,16S,19S,20S)-19-(furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,11,17-trione 33237-37-5 C26H30O9
    (1R,7S,10S,12R,13S,14R,16S,19S,20S)-19-(furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,11,17-trione
    —— Alisol B 23-monoacetate 26575-95-1 C32H50O5
    Alisol B 23-monoacetate
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,4R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8S,8aS,14bS)-8-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,14a-dodecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 58558-08-0 C42H68O13
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,4R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8S,8aS,14bS)-8-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,14a-dodecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Spiro(azuleno(4,5-b)furan-3(2H),10'-(4H-6a,9)ethanoazuleno(4,5-b)furan)-2,2'(3'H)-dione, 4-(acetyloxy)-3a,3'a,4,5,5',6,6',6a,7,9',9a,9'a,9b,9'b-tetradecahydro-6,6'-dihydroxy-6,6',9,9'-tetramethyl-3'-methylene-, (3'aS-(3'aalpha,6'alpha,6'aa lpha,9'alpha,9'aalpha,9'bbeta,10'S*(3aS*,4R*,6S*,6aS*,9aS*,9bS*)))- 62687-22-3 C32H40O8
    Spiro(azuleno(4,5-b)furan-3(2H),10'-(4H-6a,9)ethanoazuleno(4,5-b)furan)-2,2'(3'H)-dione, 4-(acetyloxy)-3a,3'a,4,5,5',6,6',6a,7,9',9a,9'a,9b,9'b-tetradecahydro-6,6'-dihydroxy-6,6',9,9'-tetramethyl-3'-methylene-, (3'aS-(3'aalpha,6'alpha,6'aa lpha,9'alpha,9'aalpha,9'bbeta,10'S*(3aS*,4R*,6S*,6aS*,9aS*,9bS*)))-
    —— Sodium usnate 34769-44-3 C18H15NaO7
    Sodium usnate
    —— Lithosprmoside 63492-69-3 C14H19NO8
    Lithosprmoside
    —— Primulin 30113-37-2 C23H25O12+
    Primulin
    —— (4Z,12S,13S)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    (4Z,12S,13S)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one
    —— 2-[7-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-5-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 16727-30-3 C29H35O17+
    2-[7-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-5-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (8S,9S,10S,11S,14R)-17-[(2R)-4-(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-4-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 18649-93-9 C30H48O4
    (8S,9S,10S,11S,14R)-17-[(2R)-4-(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-4-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one