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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    (+)-δ-生育酚 delta tocopherol 119-13-1 C27H46O2
    (+)-δ-生育酚
    (+)-α-蒎烯 (+)-α-pinene 7785-70-8 C10H16
    (+)-α-蒎烯
    —— b-D-Glucopyranoside, (3b,25R)-spirost-5-en-3-ylO-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1&reg2)-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1&reg4)]- 53846-52-9 C45H72O17
    b-D-Glucopyranoside, (3b,25R)-spirost-5-en-3-ylO-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1&reg2)-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1&reg4)]-
    —— Pubchem_71571504 129741-57-7 C60H98O26
    Pubchem_71571504
    —— Isorhamnetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosid 17331-72-5 C22H22O11
    Isorhamnetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosid
    —— EUPHORBIASTEROID(P) 28649-59-4 C32H40O8
    EUPHORBIASTEROID(P)
    —— EUPHORBIASTEROID(P) 28649-59-4 C32H40O8
    EUPHORBIASTEROID(P)
    —— EUPHORBIASTEROID(P) 28649-59-4 C32H40O8
    EUPHORBIASTEROID(P)
    —— PROTOGRACILLIN(P) 54848-30-5 C51H84O23
    PROTOGRACILLIN(P)
    —— (3R,4R,5S,6S)-2-methyl-6-[(9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenan 75801-95-5 C42H72O15
    (3R,4R,5S,6S)-2-methyl-6-[(9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenan
    —— (Z)-4-[(1S,2S,8S,19R)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid 887606-04-4 C38H44O8
    (Z)-4-[(1S,2S,8S,19R)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid
    —— Polygalasaponin XXXI 79103-90-5 C75H112O36
    Polygalasaponin XXXI
    —— Delphinidin-3-glucoside-chloride 6906-38-3 C21H21O12*Cl
    Delphinidin-3-glucoside-chloride
    —— [(1S,3R,18S,19R,20R,21R,22S,23R,24S,25R,26S)-19,22,23-triacetyloxy-21-(acetyloxymethyl)-25,26-dihydroxy-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16-dioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.01,21.03,24.07,12]hexacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl] benzoate 128397-42-2 C41H47NO17
    [(1S,3R,18S,19R,20R,21R,22S,23R,24S,25R,26S)-19,22,23-triacetyloxy-21-(acetyloxymethyl)-25,26-dihydroxy-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16-dioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.01,21.03,24.07,12]hexacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl] benzoate
    —— N-Aminomethyldopa 28860-95-9 C10H13N2O4-
    N-Aminomethyldopa
    —— CID 154831908 74170-32-4 C27H43NO3
    CID 154831908
    —— N-[5-[3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide 83512-85-0 C20H37N3O14
    N-[5-[3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 3,20-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-dammar-24-ene-3α,12β,20(S)-triol 62025-49-4 C42H72O13
    3,20-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-dammar-24-ene-3α,12β,20(S)-triol
    —— saikosaponin-e 64340-44-9 C42H68O12
    saikosaponin-e
    —— Gitoxin 4562-36-1 C41H64O14
    Gitoxin
    —— vexibidin 52483-02-0 C26H30O6
    vexibidin
    —— Gynuramide II 295803-03-1 C42H83NO5
    Gynuramide II
    —— N,N'-4,10-dioxa-3,11-dioxotridecylene-1,13-diyl-bis-(S)-(+)-tetrahydropapaverine dioxalate 64228-78-0 2C2H2O4*C51H66N2O12
    N,N'-4,10-dioxa-3,11-dioxotridecylene-1,13-diyl-bis-(S)-(+)-tetrahydropapaverine dioxalate
    —— (RS)/meso-N,N'-4,10-dioxa-3,11-dioxotridecylene-1,13-diyl-bis-tetrahydropapaverine dioxalate 64228-78-0 2C2H2O4*C51H66N2O12
    (RS)/meso-N,N'-4,10-dioxa-3,11-dioxotridecylene-1,13-diyl-bis-tetrahydropapaverine dioxalate
    —— [2-hydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropyl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 117591-85-2 C18H24O11
    [2-hydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropyl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 34096-83-8 C36H54O10
    (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Kaempferol-7-rhamnoside 69135-41-7 C21H22O10
    Kaempferol-7-rhamnoside
    —— Mitoridin 3911-19-1 C20H22N2O2
    Mitoridin
    —— momordin Ia 95851-40-4 C41H64O13
    momordin Ia
    —— (1S,4aS,5R,7aS)-7-(acetoxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-1-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid 25368-11-0 C18H24O12
    (1S,4aS,5R,7aS)-7-(acetoxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-1-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid
    —— [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 94079-81-9 C35H46O19
    [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— Collettinside IV 19083-00-2 C45H72O17
    Collettinside IV
    —— oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-deglucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside 103956-33-8 C47H76O16
    oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-deglucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
    —— ginsenoside Rc 11021-14-0 C53H90O22
    ginsenoside Rc
    —— ginsenoside Rb2 11021-13-9 C53H90O22
    ginsenoside Rb2
    —— trans-(3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-tetralone 1220891-22-4 C10H10O3
    trans-(3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-tetralone
    —— leontoside B 17233-22-6 C41H66O13
    leontoside B
    —— (1S,3R,4S,5R)-3-{[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]oxy}-4-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-1-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 32451-88-0 C27H28O10
    (1S,3R,4S,5R)-3-{[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]oxy}-4-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-1-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— Marinobufagenin 470-42-8 C24H32O5
    Marinobufagenin
    —— (25S)-spirost-5-ene-1β,3β-diol 1-O-<O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 <*> 2)-β-D-fucopyranoside> 38971-41-4 C39H62O12
    (25S)-spirost-5-ene-1β,3β-diol 1-O-<O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 <*> 2)-β-D-fucopyranoside>
    —— b-D-Glucopyranoside, (3b,6a,12b,24S)-20,24-epoxy-3,12,25-trihydroxydammaran-6-yl 98474-77-2 C36H62O10
    b-D-Glucopyranoside, (3b,6a,12b,24S)-20,24-epoxy-3,12,25-trihydroxydammaran-6-yl
    —— Norepinephrine d-bitartrate 69815-49-2 C12H19NO10
    Norepinephrine d-bitartrate
    —— Peimisin 19773-24-1 C27H41NO3
    Peimisin
    —— Alisol A 19865-73-7 C30H50O5
    Alisol A
    —— incensole acetate 34701-53-6 C22H36O3
    incensole acetate
    —— aescigenin 426-95-9 C30H48O5
    aescigenin
    —— Methane;5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenylchromenylium-7-ol 125536-25-6 C18H19O3+
    Methane;5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenylchromenylium-7-ol
    —— 12-Hydroxy-3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid 100665-44-9 C30H40O8
    12-Hydroxy-3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid
    —— (+/-)-triptolide 38748-32-2 C20H24O6
    (+/-)-triptolide
    —— (3S)-3-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25R,28S,31R,36R,39S,42S,45S)-31-amino-7,22-bis(4-aminobutyl)-39-benzyl-4-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,19-bis(carboxymethyl)-13-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-28-(hydroxymethyl)-42-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-45-(2-methylpropyl)-16-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,38,41,44,47-tetradecaoxo-33,34,49,50-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,37,40,43,46-tetradecazabicyclo[23.22.4]henpentacontane-36-carbonyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid 120972-53-4 C110H159N27O34S5
    (3S)-3-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25R,28S,31R,36R,39S,42S,45S)-31-amino-7,22-bis(4-aminobutyl)-39-benzyl-4-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,19-bis(carboxymethyl)-13-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-28-(hydroxymethyl)-42-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-45-(2-methylpropyl)-16-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,38,41,44,47-tetradecaoxo-33,34,49,50-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,37,40,43,46-tetradecazabicyclo[23.22.4]henpentacontane-36-carbonyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid