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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Karakoline 39089-30-0 C22H35NO4
    Karakoline
    —— Monoglucuronylglycyrrhetinic acid 34096-83-8 C36H54O10
    Monoglucuronylglycyrrhetinic acid
    —— Tomentosolic acid 6812-98-2 C30H46O3
    Tomentosolic acid
    —— Curzerene 17910-09-7 C15H20O
    Curzerene
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 5088-75-5 C21H22O9
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— 2-[6-methyl-2-(3,6,12-trihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)hept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol 62025-50-7 C41H70O13
    2-[6-methyl-2-(3,6,12-trihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)hept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 6-[2-[[4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-Heptamethyl-14-oxo-11-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 118325-22-7 C48H72O21
    6-[2-[[4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-Heptamethyl-14-oxo-11-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 13-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate 91722-21-3 C44H70O23
    [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 13-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-[[6-[2-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 41753-43-9 C54H92O23
    2-[[6-[2-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Graveobioside B 33579-63-4 C27H30O15
    Graveobioside B
    —— 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid 905-99-7 C16H18O9
    4-O-caffeoylquinic acid
    —— Mesaconin 6792-09-2 C24H39NO9
    Mesaconin
    —— 5-(7-acetyloxy-4,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-32-5 C22H28O6
    5-(7-acetyloxy-4,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 5-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxypentanimidothioate 1432982-77-8 C12H23NO10S3
    [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 5-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxypentanimidothioate
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol 469-90-9 C7H12O6
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol
    —— Desmethyl-cryptojaponol 88664-08-8 C20H28O3
    Desmethyl-cryptojaponol
    —— schisanhenol 69363-14-0 C23H30O6
    schisanhenol
    —— Howiicin A 111035-65-5 C35H64O7
    Howiicin A
    —— Acevaltratum 25161-41-5 C24H32O10
    Acevaltratum
    —— Dimethyl 12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl)-6-methyl-14-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
    Dimethyl 12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl)-6-methyl-14-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate
    —— 2-[2-[[3,12-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 80418-25-3 C41H70O13
    2-[2-[[3,12-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside 23666-13-9 C27H30O15
    apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside
    —— [6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 39011-91-1 C23H28O12
    [6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
    —— Caulophyllogenin 52936-64-8 C30H48O5
    Caulophyllogenin
    —— Rhamnolipid R 1 4348-76-9 C32H58O13
    Rhamnolipid R 1
    —— α-humulene 6753-98-6 C15H24
    α-humulene
    —— 6-(7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid 81907-62-2 C30H44O7
    6-(7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid
    —— Protohypericin 548-03-8 C30H18O8
    Protohypericin
    —— kuwanon H 76472-87-2 C45H44O11
    kuwanon H
    —— 2-Methyl-4-oxo-6-(3,7,15-trihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)hept-5-enoic acid 100665-42-7 C30H44O7
    2-Methyl-4-oxo-6-(3,7,15-trihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)hept-5-enoic acid
    —— 7-Hydroxy-2-[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 551-15-5 C21H22O9
    7-Hydroxy-2-[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— Isocurcumenol 24063-71-6 C15H22O2
    Isocurcumenol
    —— rottlerin 82-08-6 C30H28O8
    rottlerin
    —— Herbacetin 7-rhamnoside 85571-15-9 C21H20O11
    Herbacetin 7-rhamnoside
    —— 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]xanthen-9-one 24699-16-9 C19H18O11
    1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]xanthen-9-one
    —— [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[4-(3-oxobutyl)phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 59282-56-3 C23H26O11
    [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[4-(3-oxobutyl)phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    —— Luteolin-3',7-diglucoside hplc 52187-80-1 C27H30O16
    Luteolin-3',7-diglucoside hplc
    —— 3,4,5,15,16,17-Hexahydroxy-8,13-dioxo-11-(3,4,5,11,17,18,19,22,23,34,35-undecahydroxy-8,14,26,31-tetraoxo-9,13,25,32-tetraoxaheptacyclo[25.8.0.02,7.015,20.021,30.024,29.028,33]pentatriaconta-1(35),2,4,6,15,17,19,21,23,27,29,33-dodecaen-10-yl)-9,12-dioxatricyclo[12.4.0.02,7]octadeca-1(18),2,4,6,14,16-hexaene-10-carbaldehyde 65995-63-3 C48H28O30
    3,4,5,15,16,17-Hexahydroxy-8,13-dioxo-11-(3,4,5,11,17,18,19,22,23,34,35-undecahydroxy-8,14,26,31-tetraoxo-9,13,25,32-tetraoxaheptacyclo[25.8.0.02,7.015,20.021,30.024,29.028,33]pentatriaconta-1(35),2,4,6,15,17,19,21,23,27,29,33-dodecaen-10-yl)-9,12-dioxatricyclo[12.4.0.02,7]octadeca-1(18),2,4,6,14,16-hexaene-10-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 142451-65-8 C27H30O15
    3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Quercetin 7-O-glucoside 491-50-9 C21H20O12
    Quercetin 7-O-glucoside
    —— (10-Hydroxy-4,5,14,15,16-pentamethoxy-9,10-dimethyl-3-tricyclo[10.4.0.02,7]hexadeca-1(16),2,4,6,12,14-hexaenyl) benzoate 66056-23-3 C30H34O8
    (10-Hydroxy-4,5,14,15,16-pentamethoxy-9,10-dimethyl-3-tricyclo[10.4.0.02,7]hexadeca-1(16),2,4,6,12,14-hexaenyl) benzoate
    —— fargesin 28115-69-7 C21H22O6
    fargesin
    —— Chonglou saponin II 76296-72-5 C44H70O16
    Chonglou saponin II
    —— 12b-Acetoxy-3b-hydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-7,11,15-trioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid, 9CI 98665-17-9 C29H40O8
    12b-Acetoxy-3b-hydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-7,11,15-trioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid, 9CI
    —— Spirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1,3-diol 17676-33-4 C27H40O4
    Spirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1,3-diol
    —— Chikusetsusaponin I 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    Chikusetsusaponin I
    —— Filixic acid ABA 38226-84-5 C32H36O12
    Filixic acid ABA
    —— 1,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    1,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
    —— Kashmirine 61825-98-7 C27H43NO3
    Kashmirine
    —— Cucurbitacin C, 3.16.20-Trihydroxy-25-acetoxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-19-nor-lanostadien-(5.23)-dion-(11.22) 5988-76-1 C32H48O8
    Cucurbitacin C, 3.16.20-Trihydroxy-25-acetoxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-19-nor-lanostadien-(5.23)-dion-(11.22)