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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— cucurbitacin C 5988-76-1 C32H48O8
    cucurbitacin C
    —— (3S,5S)-1,4-bis[[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    (3S,5S)-1,4-bis[[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— Rutin sulfate 12768-44-4 C27H32O20S
    Rutin sulfate
    —— methyl tanshinonate 18887-19-9 C20H18O5
    methyl tanshinonate
    —— Violanin 28463-30-1 C42H47ClO23
    Violanin
    —— Ginsenosid Rd 52705-93-8 C48H82O18
    Ginsenosid Rd
    —— 1,4-Dicaffeylquinic acid 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    1,4-Dicaffeylquinic acid
    —— Furanodienone 24268-41-5 C15H18O2
    Furanodienone
    —— (1Z,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene 6753-98-6 C15H24
    (1Z,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
    —— [6-[6-[6-[[(3S,5R,8R,10S,13R,14S,16R,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate 17575-21-2 C49H76O20
    [6-[6-[6-[[(3S,5R,8R,10S,13R,14S,16R,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate
    —— dimethyl 12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl)-6-methyl-14-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
    dimethyl 12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl)-6-methyl-14-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate
    —— [6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    [6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate
    —— 2-[2-[2-[6-[(3S,4R,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S,15R,16R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    2-[2-[2-[6-[(3S,4R,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S,15R,16R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— fucoxanthin 3351-86-8 C42H58O6
    fucoxanthin
    —— Curdione 13657-68-6 C15H24O2
    Curdione
    —— Bergamottin 482-46-2 C21H22O4
    Bergamottin
    —— Pseudolaric acid-B 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    Pseudolaric acid-B
    —— From Gnidia 60195-70-2 C37H44O10
    From Gnidia
    —— voacamine 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    voacamine
    —— (2Z)-2-[4-hydroxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile 67765-58-6 C14H19NO7
    (2Z)-2-[4-hydroxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile
    —— 8-[(1S,6S)-6-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-4-one 75629-19-5 C40H36O11
    8-[(1S,6S)-6-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Albanin G 76472-87-2 C45H44O11
    Albanin G
    —— 5-[(3S)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole 51020-87-2 C20H20O4
    5-[(3S)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole
    —— (2Z,4E,6Z,8E,10E,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid 8022-19-3 C20H24O4
    (2Z,4E,6Z,8E,10E,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid
    —— (2E,4E)-5-[(7R,8S)-7-Hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82601-41-0 C21H26O7
    (2E,4E)-5-[(7R,8S)-7-Hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— (2E,4E)-5-[(7S)-7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    (2E,4E)-5-[(7S)-7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— Pseudolaric acid-A 82508-32-5 C22H28O6
    Pseudolaric acid-A
    —— Griffonin 63492-69-3 C14H19NO8
    Griffonin
    —— Levatin 140670-84-4 C19H20O5
    Levatin
    —— Rheasmin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosid 38963-94-9 C16H22O7
    Rheasmin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosid
    —— chebulinic acid 18942-26-2 C41H32O27
    chebulinic acid
    —— chebulagic acid 23094-71-5 C41H30O27
    chebulagic acid
    —— (4Z,12E)-19-benzyl-15-hydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,7,21-trione 14110-64-6 C29H35NO5
    (4Z,12E)-19-benzyl-15-hydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,7,21-trione
    —— 3-epimaytansinol 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    3-epimaytansinol
    —— Methyl 2-[(1S,2R,3R,4R,7S,11R,15R,16R,17R,18S,21S,22R,32R,35S)-2,16,17,35-tetraacetyloxy-21,34-dihydroxy-7,21,22,32,34-pentamethyl-6,10,12,20,29-pentaoxo-5,13,19,30,33-pentaoxa-26-azahexacyclo[16.15.1.14,15.01,15.03,32.023,28]pentatriaconta-23(28),24,26-trien-11-yl]acetate 168009-85-6 C45H55NO22
    Methyl 2-[(1S,2R,3R,4R,7S,11R,15R,16R,17R,18S,21S,22R,32R,35S)-2,16,17,35-tetraacetyloxy-21,34-dihydroxy-7,21,22,32,34-pentamethyl-6,10,12,20,29-pentaoxo-5,13,19,30,33-pentaoxa-26-azahexacyclo[16.15.1.14,15.01,15.03,32.023,28]pentatriaconta-23(28),24,26-trien-11-yl]acetate
    —— Maytanasinol 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    Maytanasinol
    —— H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2 72093-22-2 C73H126N20O15S
    H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2
    —— Methyl 12-methoxy-13-(17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3alpha-yl)ibogamine-18-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    Methyl 12-methoxy-13-(17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3alpha-yl)ibogamine-18-carboxylate
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 131573-90-5 C32H38O19
    5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 135095-52-2 C33H40O20
    5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— [(E)-6-[3,16-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,13,14-tetramethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate 5988-76-1 C32H48O8
    [(E)-6-[3,16-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,13,14-tetramethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate
    —— (16Z,18Z)-11-chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    (16Z,18Z)-11-chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione
    —— Phyllanthin (Phyllantosid) 499-20-7 C14H17NO7
    Phyllanthin (Phyllantosid)
    —— 2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 30197-14-9 C21H24O8
    2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— baicalein 7-O-glucoside 57396-78-8 C21H20O10
    baicalein 7-O-glucoside
    —— (2E,4E)-5-(7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    (2E,4E)-5-(7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— 1H-4,9a-Ethanocyclohepta(c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid, 4a-(acetyloxy)-3-(4-carboxy-1,3-pentadienyl)3,4,4a,5,6,9-hexahydro-3-methyl-1-oxo-, 7-methyl ester, (3-alpha(1E,3E),4-alpha,4a-alpha,9a-alpha)-(-)- 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    1H-4,9a-Ethanocyclohepta(c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid, 4a-(acetyloxy)-3-(4-carboxy-1,3-pentadienyl)3,4,4a,5,6,9-hexahydro-3-methyl-1-oxo-, 7-methyl ester, (3-alpha(1E,3E),4-alpha,4a-alpha,9a-alpha)-(-)-
    —— notoginsenoside-R1 80418-24-2 C47H80O18
    notoginsenoside-R1
    —— 20(R)-notoginsenoside R2 80418-25-3 C41H70O13
    20(R)-notoginsenoside R2
    —— Bioneem 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
    Bioneem