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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Dipsacoside B 33289-85-9 C53H86O22
    Dipsacoside B
    —— 4-{[(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydro-3-f uranyl]methyl}-2-methoxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside 33464-71-0 C27H34O12
    4-{[(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydro-3-f uranyl]methyl}-2-methoxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Δ<sub>5</sub>-cholesten-3β-ol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    Δ<sub>5</sub>-cholesten-3β-ol
    —— trigonelloside C 21494-98-4 C51H84O22
    trigonelloside C
    —— (3beta,14xi,22R,25S)-26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxyfurost-5-en-3-yl 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside 54522-52-0 C52H86O22
    (3beta,14xi,22R,25S)-26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxyfurost-5-en-3-yl 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside
    —— (2a<i>S</i>)-2a,3<i>c</i>-epoxy-4a-hydroxy-9<i>syn</i>-(α-hydroxy-isopropyl)-8b-methyl-(2a<i>r</i>,4a<i>c</i>,8a<i>c</i>,8b<i>c</i>)-octahydro-1,7-dioxa-5<i>c</i>,8<i>c</i>-methano-cyclopent[<i>cd</i>]azulene-2,6-dione 7634-52-8 C15H18O7
    (2a<i>S</i>)-2a,3<i>c</i>-epoxy-4a-hydroxy-9<i>syn</i>-(α-hydroxy-isopropyl)-8b-methyl-(2a<i>r</i>,4a<i>c</i>,8a<i>c</i>,8b<i>c</i>)-octahydro-1,7-dioxa-5<i>c</i>,8<i>c</i>-methano-cyclopent[<i>cd</i>]azulene-2,6-dione
    —— Z-guggulsterone 39025-23-5 C21H28O2
    Z-guggulsterone
    —— E-guggulsterone 39025-23-5 C21H28O2
    E-guggulsterone
    —— Benzylglucosinolate (potassium) 5115-71-9 C14H18KNO9S2
    Benzylglucosinolate (potassium)
    —— delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside 53158-73-9 C26H29O16*Cl
    delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside
    —— camelliaside A 135095-52-2 C33H40O20
    camelliaside A
    —— methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12S,14R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12S,14R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— monoacetylaconitine 77181-26-1 C36H49NO12
    monoacetylaconitine
    —— 3-deoxyaconitine 3175-95-9 C34H47NO10
    3-deoxyaconitine
    —— 3-acetylaconitine 77181-26-1 C36H49NO12
    3-acetylaconitine
    —— benzoylaconine 466-24-0 C32H45NO10
    benzoylaconine
    —— salvianolic acid B 115939-25-8 C36H30O16
    salvianolic acid B
    —— methyl ursolate 915-32-2 C31H50O3
    methyl ursolate
    —— 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester 915-32-2 C31H50O3
    3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester
    —— panaxadiol 19666-76-3 C30H52O3
    panaxadiol
    —— 2-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride 27214-72-8 C20H19ClO10
    2-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
    —— 13-cis-crocetin 27876-94-4 C20H24O4
    13-cis-crocetin
    —— Methyl 10,15,16-trihydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-4,11-dioxo-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-ene-17-carboxylate 14907-98-3 C26H32O11
    Methyl 10,15,16-trihydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-4,11-dioxo-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-ene-17-carboxylate
    —— 2-[2-[[3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 147419-93-0 C42H70O12
    2-[2-[[3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Notoginsenoside Fd 80321-63-7 C47H80O17
    Notoginsenoside Fd
    —— Gynosaponin S 80321-69-3 C48H82O18
    Gynosaponin S
    —— Isoastilbin 54141-72-9 C21H22O11
    Isoastilbin
    —— Dehydro-phomin 14110-64-6 C29H35NO5
    Dehydro-phomin
    —— Rutaevin 33237-37-5 C26H30O9
    Rutaevin
    —— 2-[[3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 22427-39-0 C42H72O14
    2-[[3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— [6-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 87733-66-2 C55H92O23
    [6-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate
    —— [1a-(Hexopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydro-1H-2,5-methano-3,4-dioxacyclobuta[cd]pentalen-5b(3aH)-yl]methyl benzoate 23180-57-6 C23H28O11
    [1a-(Hexopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydro-1H-2,5-methano-3,4-dioxacyclobuta[cd]pentalen-5b(3aH)-yl]methyl benzoate
    —— Evomonosid (Digitoxigenin) 143-62-4 C23H34O4
    Evomonosid (Digitoxigenin)
    —— [6-[6-[6-[[14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate 17575-21-2 C49H76O20
    [6-[6-[6-[[14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate
    —— 6-Epiharpagide 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    6-Epiharpagide
    —— 1-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenanthrene-3,4-dione 65907-76-8 C18H16O3
    1-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenanthrene-3,4-dione
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,12beta)-20-[(6-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-(6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)- 87733-66-2 C55H92O23
    beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,12beta)-20-[(6-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-(6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-
    —— Neoline 466-26-2 C24H39NO6
    Neoline
    —— Betulinsaeuremethylester 2259-06-5 C31H50O3
    Betulinsaeuremethylester
    —— panaxoside A progenin 53963-43-2 C36H62O9
    panaxoside A progenin
    —— 4-(3,7,12-Trihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11,15-dioxo-2,3,5,6,7,12,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic acid 95311-96-9 C27H40O7
    4-(3,7,12-Trihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11,15-dioxo-2,3,5,6,7,12,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic acid
    —— Cholestan 14982-53-7 C27H48
    Cholestan
    —— 2-[2-[3-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol 88122-52-5 C58H98O26
    2-[2-[3-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Madecassol 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    Madecassol
    —— 2-[3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-16-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylfuran-3-one 97230-47-2 C41H62O13
    2-[3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-16-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylfuran-3-one
    —— [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 344911-90-6 C60H98O28
    [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— 7-O-B-D-Glucopyranoside 20126-59-4 C22H22O11
    7-O-B-D-Glucopyranoside
    —— Soyasaponin V 114590-20-4 C48H78O19
    Soyasaponin V
    —— Cyclogalegigenin 84605-18-5 C30H50O5
    Cyclogalegigenin
    —— 13b-hydroxyevodiamine 1238-43-3 C19H17N3O2
    13b-hydroxyevodiamine