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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3β,24R)-3-(acetyloxy)eupha-7,25-dien-24-ol 1352001-09-2 C32H52O3
    (3β,24R)-3-(acetyloxy)eupha-7,25-dien-24-ol
    —— (2S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2R)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 34981-24-3 C25H28O6
    (2S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2R)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— Helenien 547-17-1 C72H116O4
    Helenien
    —— Sale sodico del acido yodesossicolico [Italian] 10421-49-5 C24H39NaO4
    Sale sodico del acido yodesossicolico [Italian]
    —— senkyunolide H 94596-27-7 C12H16O4
    senkyunolide H
    —— ilexsaponin B2 108906-69-0 C47H76O17
    ilexsaponin B2
    —— 20(R,S)-ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> 14197-60-5 C42H72O13
    20(R,S)-ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub>
    —— (3alpha,5beta,14xi)-3,5,14-Trihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide 514-39-6 C23H34O5
    (3alpha,5beta,14xi)-3,5,14-Trihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide
    —— onjisaponin A 82410-33-1 C80H120O39
    onjisaponin A
    —— Aconitane-3,13,14,15-tetrol, 8-ethoxy-20-ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-, 3-acetate 14-benzoate, (1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)- 96562-88-8 C36H51NO11
    Aconitane-3,13,14,15-tetrol, 8-ethoxy-20-ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-, 3-acetate 14-benzoate, (1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)-
    —— castamollinin 136199-93-4 C82H50O51
    castamollinin
    —— Mesatlantin C 84692-91-1 C15H18O3
    Mesatlantin C
    —— (+)-Pinoresinol 60485-34-9 C32H42O16
    (+)-Pinoresinol
    —— androstenone hydrazone 63015-10-1 C19H30N2O
    androstenone hydrazone
    —— nepehinol acetate 1617-68-1 C32H52O2
    nepehinol acetate
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(6R,8R,10R,12S,14S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 63223-86-9 C36H62O9
    (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(6R,8R,10R,12S,14S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (3R,5R)-4-{[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 905-99-7 C16H18O9
    (3R,5R)-4-{[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 20-isohecogenin 467-55-0 C27H42O4
    20-isohecogenin
    —— b-D-Glucopyranoside,(3b,5a,25R)-spirostan-3-yl 2-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl- (9CI) 41059-79-4 C39H64O13
    b-D-Glucopyranoside,(3b,5a,25R)-spirostan-3-yl 2-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl- (9CI)
    —— 68-amino-36-(4-aminobutyl)-N-[1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-22,51-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-33,60-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-8,47,78-trihydroxy-13,39-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,16,57,74,86,89-hexakis(hydroxymethyl)-19,42-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,5,11,14,17,20,23,32,35,38,41,44,50,53,56,59,62,69,72,75,81,84,87,90,97-pentacosaoxo-71-[4-[6-[5-(2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoylamino]hexanoylamino]butyl]-27,28,65,66,93,94-hexathia-3,6,12,15,18,21,24,31,34,37,40,43,49,52,55,58,61,70,73,76,82,85,88,91,96-pentacosazahexacyclo[52.37.4.225,63.06,10.045,49.076,80]heptanonacontane-30-carboxamide 151928-23-3 C136H207N41O46S7
    68-amino-36-(4-aminobutyl)-N-[1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-22,51-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-33,60-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-8,47,78-trihydroxy-13,39-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,16,57,74,86,89-hexakis(hydroxymethyl)-19,42-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,5,11,14,17,20,23,32,35,38,41,44,50,53,56,59,62,69,72,75,81,84,87,90,97-pentacosaoxo-71-[4-[6-[5-(2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoylamino]hexanoylamino]butyl]-27,28,65,66,93,94-hexathia-3,6,12,15,18,21,24,31,34,37,40,43,49,52,55,58,61,70,73,76,82,85,88,91,96-pentacosazahexacyclo[52.37.4.225,63.06,10.045,49.076,80]heptanonacontane-30-carboxamide
    —— 5-((9S,17R)-3,14-Dihydroxy-10-hydroxymethyl-13-methyl-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-pyran-2-one 39844-86-5 C24H34O5
    5-((9S,17R)-3,14-Dihydroxy-10-hydroxymethyl-13-methyl-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-pyran-2-one
    —— Santalol, cis, alpha 115-71-9 C15H24O
    Santalol, cis, alpha
    —— ATRACTYLOSIDE POTASSIUM SALT 17754-44-8 C30H44O16S2*2K
    ATRACTYLOSIDE POTASSIUM SALT
    —— GAMBOGIC ACID 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    GAMBOGIC ACID
    —— dehydroepiandrosterone-17-hydrazone 63015-10-1 C19H30N2O
    dehydroepiandrosterone-17-hydrazone
    —— cholesterol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    cholesterol
    —— GAMBOGIC ACID 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    GAMBOGIC ACID
    —— AESCIN IB(SH) 26339-90-2 C55H86O24
    AESCIN IB(SH)
    —— (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 67400-17-3 C36H62O8
    (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2
    —— 17α-hydroxy-20α-yohimban-16α-carboxylic acid methyl ester; hydrochloride 65-19-0 C21H26N2O3*ClH
    17α-hydroxy-20α-yohimban-16α-carboxylic acid methyl ester; hydrochloride
    —— pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside 18466-51-8 C21H21O10*Cl
    pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside
    —— Coleonol 66428-89-5 C22H34O7
    Coleonol
    —— jujuboside B (Compound I) 55466-05-2 C52H84O21
    jujuboside B (Compound I)
    —— berberine hemisulfate 633-66-9 C22H22NO4*0O4S
    berberine hemisulfate
    —— (1S)-(-)-α-pinene 7785-26-4 C10H16
    (1S)-(-)-α-pinene
    —— (25R)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''->2')-O-β-D-galactopyranoside 41059-79-4 C39H64O13
    (25R)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''->2')-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— 2,3,5,4'‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside 55327-45-2 C20H22O9
    2,3,5,4'‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside
    —— 7-(O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannpyranosyl-(1→2)-[O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxo-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 260413-62-5 C33H40O18
    7-(O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannpyranosyl-(1→2)-[O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxo-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
    —— gomisin H 66056-20-0 C23H30O7
    gomisin H
    —— C43H53NO14.3H2O 148408-66-6 C43H59NO17
    C43H53NO14.3H2O
    —— [(2R,3R,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6R)-6-[[(8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate 17575-21-2 C49H76O20
    [(2R,3R,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6R)-6-[[(8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate
    —— (Z)-5-[(1R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-3-tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptanyl]-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol 115-71-9 C15H24O
    (Z)-5-[(1R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-3-tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptanyl]-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol
    —— Benzoylhypacoitine 63238-66-4 C31H43NO9
    Benzoylhypacoitine
    —— [(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S,8S,13S,16S,17S)-11-ethyl-3,8,9-trihydroxy-4,6,16-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl] 2-acetamidobenzoate 1360-76-5 C32H44N2O9
    [(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S,8S,13S,16S,17S)-11-ethyl-3,8,9-trihydroxy-4,6,16-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl] 2-acetamidobenzoate
    —— 20-O-Glucoginsenoside Rf 68406-27-9 C48H82O19
    20-O-Glucoginsenoside Rf
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate
    —— 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-glucopyranose 69-79-4 C12H22O11
    4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-glucopyranose
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,12aR)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 14216-03-6 C59H96O26
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,12aR)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— cleroindicin D 189264-45-7 C8H12O4
    cleroindicin D
    —— (+)-magnoflorine chloride 6681-18-1 C20H24NO4*Cl
    (+)-magnoflorine chloride