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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-hydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one 13463-28-0 C27H32O15
    (3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-hydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one
    —— [4-Acetyloxy-1,9,12-trihydroxy-15-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate;trihydrate 148408-66-6 C43H59NO17
    [4-Acetyloxy-1,9,12-trihydroxy-15-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate;trihydrate
    —— (3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine methyl ester 32981-85-4 C17H17NO4
    (3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine methyl ester
    —— Fucoxanthin 3351-86-8 C42H58O6
    Fucoxanthin
    —— Sambicyanin 33012-73-6 C26H29O15+
    Sambicyanin
    —— Delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside 53158-73-9 C26H29O16+
    Delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside
    —— 2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,6S,7R,9R,13R,16R,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 41059-79-4 C39H64O13
    2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,6S,7R,9R,13R,16R,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(6aR,6bS,8aR,9S,12aR,14bR)-9-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 55304-02-4 C42H68O14
    (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(6aR,6bS,8aR,9S,12aR,14bR)-9-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Protopseudohypericin 54328-09-5 C30H18O9
    Protopseudohypericin
    —— 1,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methylbenzo[g]isochromen-9-one 41743-74-2 C15H12O5
    1,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methylbenzo[g]isochromen-9-one
    —— Methylprotogracillin 54522-53-1 C52H86O23
    Methylprotogracillin
    —— Denudatine 26166-37-0 C22H33NO2
    Denudatine
    —— (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bR)-5,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 22338-71-2 C30H48O6
    (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bR)-5,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
    —— 9-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione 560-62-3 C19H26O3
    9-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(6R,8R,10R,12S,14S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 80952-71-2 C36H62O9
    (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(6R,8R,10R,12S,14S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Anemarsaponin B 139051-27-7 C45H74O18
    Anemarsaponin B
    —— methyl (2R,3S,4R)-3-ethenyl-4-[2-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxyethyl]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate 131189-57-6 C24H30O14
    methyl (2R,3S,4R)-3-ethenyl-4-[2-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxyethyl]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate
    —— Unii-xnp7UO129A 123940-54-5 C30H24O9
    Unii-xnp7UO129A
    —— Isomucronulatol 7-O-glucoside 94367-43-8 C23H28O10
    Isomucronulatol 7-O-glucoside
    —— beta-D-altro-2-Heptulopyranose, 2,7-anhydro- 469-90-9 C7H12O6
    beta-D-altro-2-Heptulopyranose, 2,7-anhydro-
    —— 1,9-Heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol, (3R,9Z)- 21852-80-2 C17H24O
    1,9-Heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol, (3R,9Z)-
    —— Artemotil 75887-54-6 C17H28O5
    Artemotil
    —— Chebulagic acid 23094-71-5 C41H30O27
    Chebulagic acid
    —— 20(R)-Protopanaxdiol-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside 112246-15-8 C36H62O8
    20(R)-Protopanaxdiol-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,13S)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 57944-18-0 C45H76O19
    (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,13S)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(10R,12S,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 38243-03-7 C42H72O13
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(10R,12S,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 3-Acetylaconitine 77181-26-1 C36H49NO12
    3-Acetylaconitine
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one 51938-32-0 C26H28O14
    5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 5-beta-BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 14,15-beta-EPOXY-3-beta,5,16-beta-TRIHYDROXY- 4099-30-3 C24H32O6
    5-beta-BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 14,15-beta-EPOXY-3-beta,5,16-beta-TRIHYDROXY-
    —— Pseudohypericin 55954-61-5 C30H16O9
    Pseudohypericin
    —— Clinopodiside A 142809-89-0 C48H78O19
    Clinopodiside A
    —— Columbin 546-97-4 C20H22O6
    Columbin
    —— Homoorientin 4261-42-1 C21H20O11
    Homoorientin
    —— 3β,6α,20(S)-trihydroxy-dammar-24-ene-12-one 20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 343780-69-8 C36H60O9
    3β,6α,20(S)-trihydroxy-dammar-24-ene-12-one 20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Luteolin-4'-O-β-glucosid 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
    Luteolin-4'-O-β-glucosid
    —— 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-chromen-4-one 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
    5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-chromen-4-one
    —— luteolin-4'-O-glucoside 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
    luteolin-4'-O-glucoside
    —— Desacetylcinobufagin 4026-95-3 C24H32O5
    Desacetylcinobufagin
    —— Pingbeimine C 128585-96-6 C27H43NO6
    Pingbeimine C
    —— [(2R,4S,9R,10S,16S)-2-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidene-6,15-dioxo-16-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl] acetate 80508-81-2 C22H30O5
    [(2R,4S,9R,10S,16S)-2-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidene-6,15-dioxo-16-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl] acetate
    —— Oleanoside E 7518-22-1 C47H74O18
    Oleanoside E
    —— 6-hydroxytropinone 5932-53-6 C8H13NO2
    6-hydroxytropinone
    —— Caradrin 466-06-8 C30H42O8
    Caradrin
    —— menthyl salicylate 89-46-3 C17H24O3
    menthyl salicylate
    —— Rhodojaponin III 26342-66-5 C20H32O6
    Rhodojaponin III
    —— gambogic acid 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    gambogic acid
    —— (3b<i>S</i>)-10b-methyl-(3b<i>r</i>,10a<i>c</i>,10b<i>t</i>)-Δ<sup>2,3a(12a)</sup>-decahydro-5a<i>t</i>,8<i>t</i>-methano-cyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]furan-7-one 108664-98-8 C19H24O2
    (3b<i>S</i>)-10b-methyl-(3b<i>r</i>,10a<i>c</i>,10b<i>t</i>)-Δ<sup>2,3a(12a)</sup>-decahydro-5a<i>t</i>,8<i>t</i>-methano-cyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]furan-7-one
    —— 16-Oxocafestol 108664-98-8 C19H24O2
    16-Oxocafestol
    —— Rhodionin 85571-15-9 C21H20O11
    Rhodionin