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动物提取物

动物提取物 定义与来源

动物提取物是指从不同种类的动物体内提取出的具有特定生物活性成分的物质。这些物质可以从动物的不同部分获取,包括血液、皮下脂肪、皮肤、骨骼、内脏器官等。

主要类别
  1. 蛋白质和多肽类
    • 包括动物胶原蛋白、明胶、乳清蛋白等。
  2. 激素与代谢物
    • 如性激素、甲状腺素等。
  3. 酶和辅因子
    • 例如胰岛素、凝血因子等。
  4. 生物活性肽
    • 具有特定生理功能的小分子肽类物质。
应用领域
  1. 医药领域
    • 用于开发药物,如甲状腺制剂、免疫调节剂等。
  2. 化妆品行业
    • 利用其保湿和修复肌肤的功效。
  3. 食品工业
    • 增强营养价值或改善口感与风味。
研究进展

随着科学技术的发展,通过动物提取物获得生物活性物质的研究日益深入。这些研究不仅推动了新药的研发,也促进了相关产品的创新与发展。例如,从海洋动物中发现的海藻多糖类物质被认为具有良好的抗肿瘤、抗氧化等作用;而一些昆虫体内的抗菌肽也被广泛研究。

挑战与争议

尽管动物提取物在多个领域展现出巨大潜力,但其使用也面临诸多挑战和争议:

  • 伦理问题:部分提取物的获取方式可能涉及对动物的不必要伤害。
  • 法规限制:各国对于动物提取物的研究及应用有着严格的监管政策。

综上所述,动物提取物作为生物资源的一种,在医药、化工等多个领域发挥着重要作用。随着科技的进步和社会价值观的变化,未来如何平衡其开发与利用之间的关系将是一个值得关注的问题。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
蟾蜍特尼定 bufotenidine 487-91-2 C13H18N2O
蟾蜍特尼定
蜂毒素 L-Leucinamide, L-isoleucyl-L-asparaginyl-L-leucyl-L-lysyl-L-alanyl-L-lysyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-lysyl-L-lysyl-L-leucyl- 145854-61-1 C70H132N20O15
蜂毒素
芋螺睡眠肽 H-Gly-Glu-Gla-Gla-Leu-Gln-Gla-Asn-Gln-Gla-Leu-Ile-Arg-Gla-Lys-Ser-Asn-OH 133628-78-1 C88H137N25O45
芋螺睡眠肽
脂蟾毒精 Resibufagin 20987-24-0 C24H30O5
脂蟾毒精
缬氨酰-天冬氨酰-色氨酰-赖氨酰-赖氨酰-异亮氨酰-甘氨酰-谷氨酰胺酰-组氨酰-异亮氨酰-亮氨酰-丝氨酰-缬氨酰-亮氨酰胺 Polistes mastoparan 74129-19-4 C77H127N21O18
缬氨酰-天冬氨酰-色氨酰-赖氨酰-赖氨酰-异亮氨酰-甘氨酰-谷氨酰胺酰-组氨酰-异亮氨酰-亮氨酰-丝氨酰-缬氨酰-亮氨酰胺
磷脂酶A2来源于东部菱背响尾蛇毒液 phospholipase A2 9001-84-7 —— ——
海蟾蜍毒素 marinobufagin 470-42-8 C24H32O5
海蟾蜍毒素
氯毒素 H-D-Met-D-Cys(1)-Met-Pro-D-Cys(2)-Phe-Thr-Thr-Asp-His-D-Gln-Met-Ala-Arg-Lys-DL-Cys(3)-Asp-Asp-Cys(1)-Cys(4)-Gly-Gly-D-Lys-Gly-D-Arg-Gly-D-Lys-D-Cys(2)-D-Tyr-Gly-Pro-D-Gln-DL-Cys(3)-D-Leu-Cys(4)-Arg-NH2 163515-35-3 C158H249N53O47S11
氯毒素
地毯海葵毒素 H-Arg-Ser-Cys(1)-Ile-Asp-aThr-Ile-Pro-Lys-Ser-Arg-Cys(2)-Thr-Ala-Phe-Gln-Cys(3)-Lys-His-Ser-Met-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Leu-Ser-Phe-Cys(2)-D-Arg-D-Lys-aThr-Cys(3)-Gly-Thr-Cys(1)-OH 172450-46-3 C169H274N54O48S7
地毯海葵毒素
去乙酰华蟾毒精 desacetylcinobufagin 4026-95-3 C24H32O5
去乙酰华蟾毒精
MASTOPARANX肽 Mastoparan X 72093-22-2 C73H126N20O15S
MASTOPARANX肽
MASTCELLDEGRANULATINGPEPTIDEHR-2肽 Mast Cell Degranulating (MCD) Peptide HR-2 80388-04-1 C77H135N17O14
MASTCELLDEGRANULATINGPEPTIDEHR-2肽
MASTCELLDEGRANULATINGPEPTIDEHR-1肽 Mast Cell Degranulating Peptide HR-1 80533-94-4 C71H133N19O15
MASTCELLDEGRANULATINGPEPTIDEHR-1肽
3,5-环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(特异性) 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase 9040-59-9 —— ——
2-L-苯丙氨酸-4-L-精氨酸-8-L-精氨酸-缩宫素 (Arg8)-Conopressin G trifluoroacetate 130836-24-7 C46H72F3N17O12S2
2-L-苯丙氨酸-4-L-精氨酸-8-L-精氨酸-缩宫素
19-氧代华蟾毒它灵 19-oxocinobufotalin 24512-60-5 C26H32O8
19-氧代华蟾毒它灵
—— Marinobufagenin 470-42-8 C24H32O5
Marinobufagenin
—— (3S)-3-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25R,28S,31R,36R,39S,42S,45S)-31-amino-7,22-bis(4-aminobutyl)-39-benzyl-4-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,19-bis(carboxymethyl)-13-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-28-(hydroxymethyl)-42-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-45-(2-methylpropyl)-16-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,38,41,44,47-tetradecaoxo-33,34,49,50-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,37,40,43,46-tetradecazabicyclo[23.22.4]henpentacontane-36-carbonyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid 120972-53-4 C110H159N27O34S5
(3S)-3-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25R,28S,31R,36R,39S,42S,45S)-31-amino-7,22-bis(4-aminobutyl)-39-benzyl-4-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,19-bis(carboxymethyl)-13-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-28-(hydroxymethyl)-42-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-45-(2-methylpropyl)-16-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,38,41,44,47-tetradecaoxo-33,34,49,50-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,37,40,43,46-tetradecazabicyclo[23.22.4]henpentacontane-36-carbonyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
—— 68-amino-36-(4-aminobutyl)-N-[1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-22,51-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-33,60-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-8,47,78-trihydroxy-13,39-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,16,57,74,86,89-hexakis(hydroxymethyl)-19,42-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,5,11,14,17,20,23,32,35,38,41,44,50,53,56,59,62,69,72,75,81,84,87,90,97-pentacosaoxo-71-[4-[6-[5-(2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoylamino]hexanoylamino]butyl]-27,28,65,66,93,94-hexathia-3,6,12,15,18,21,24,31,34,37,40,43,49,52,55,58,61,70,73,76,82,85,88,91,96-pentacosazahexacyclo[52.37.4.225,63.06,10.045,49.076,80]heptanonacontane-30-carboxamide 151928-23-3 C136H207N41O46S7
68-amino-36-(4-aminobutyl)-N-[1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-22,51-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-33,60-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-8,47,78-trihydroxy-13,39-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,16,57,74,86,89-hexakis(hydroxymethyl)-19,42-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,5,11,14,17,20,23,32,35,38,41,44,50,53,56,59,62,69,72,75,81,84,87,90,97-pentacosaoxo-71-[4-[6-[5-(2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoylamino]hexanoylamino]butyl]-27,28,65,66,93,94-hexathia-3,6,12,15,18,21,24,31,34,37,40,43,49,52,55,58,61,70,73,76,82,85,88,91,96-pentacosazahexacyclo[52.37.4.225,63.06,10.045,49.076,80]heptanonacontane-30-carboxamide
—— 5-((9S,17R)-3,14-Dihydroxy-10-hydroxymethyl-13-methyl-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-pyran-2-one 39844-86-5 C24H34O5
5-((9S,17R)-3,14-Dihydroxy-10-hydroxymethyl-13-methyl-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-pyran-2-one
—— 5-beta-BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 14,15-beta-EPOXY-3-beta,5,16-beta-TRIHYDROXY- 4099-30-3 C24H32O6
5-beta-BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 14,15-beta-EPOXY-3-beta,5,16-beta-TRIHYDROXY-
—— Desacetylcinobufagin 4026-95-3 C24H32O5
Desacetylcinobufagin
—— dehydrobufothionine 475-39-8 C12H14N2O4S
dehydrobufothionine
—— H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2 72093-22-2 C73H126N20O15S
H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2
—— Mastoparan 7 145854-59-7 C67H124N18O15
Mastoparan 7
—— Desacetylcinobufotalin 4099-30-3 C24H32O6
Desacetylcinobufotalin
—— Anthopleurin-A 60880-63-9 C215H326N62O67S6
Anthopleurin-A
—— Sarafotoxin S6a 126738-34-9 C105H156N28O34S5
Sarafotoxin S6a
—— 2-[(1R,4R,5aR,8aS,9R,12S,17aS,18S,20aS,21R,24S,27S,30S,33S,36S,39S,42S,45S,48S,51S,54R,59R,62S,65S,74S,77R,80S,86S,92S)-51,80,92-tris(4-aminobutyl)-5a-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-9-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-39,62-bis(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-24-benzyl-48,86-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-20a,33-bis(carboxymethyl)-27,30-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-74-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-36-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-45-methyl-8a-(2-methylpropyl)-12,42-bis(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-a,3,7a,10,10a,13,15a,18a,19,21a,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,61,64,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97-tritriacontaoxo-2a,3a,6,7,12a,13a,56,57-octathia-2,6a,9a,11,14,16a,19a,20,22a,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,60,63,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99-tritriacontazahexacyclo[57.41.10.84,54.421,77.014,18.065,69]docosahectan-17a-yl]acetic acid 163515-35-3 C158H249N53O47S11
2-[(1R,4R,5aR,8aS,9R,12S,17aS,18S,20aS,21R,24S,27S,30S,33S,36S,39S,42S,45S,48S,51S,54R,59R,62S,65S,74S,77R,80S,86S,92S)-51,80,92-tris(4-aminobutyl)-5a-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-9-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-39,62-bis(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-24-benzyl-48,86-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-20a,33-bis(carboxymethyl)-27,30-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-74-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-36-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-45-methyl-8a-(2-methylpropyl)-12,42-bis(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-a,3,7a,10,10a,13,15a,18a,19,21a,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,61,64,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97-tritriacontaoxo-2a,3a,6,7,12a,13a,56,57-octathia-2,6a,9a,11,14,16a,19a,20,22a,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,60,63,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99-tritriacontazahexacyclo[57.41.10.84,54.421,77.014,18.065,69]docosahectan-17a-yl]acetic acid
—— Deacetylcinobufagin 4026-95-3 C24H32O5
Deacetylcinobufagin