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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Neogambogic acid 93772-31-7 C38H46O9
    Neogambogic acid
    —— 7-Hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid potassium salt 30252-40-5 C10H7O4S*K
    7-Hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid potassium salt
    —— gnidilatidin 60195-70-2 C37H44O10
    gnidilatidin
    —— menisdaurin 67765-58-6 C14H19NO7
    menisdaurin
    —— [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 94079-81-9 C35H46O19
    [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— Furanodienon 24268-41-5 C15H18O2
    Furanodienon
    —— (1R,3Z,5R,7S,11R,12R,13S,14S)-1,11,13-trihydroxy-3,6,6,14-tetramethyl-10-methylidenetricyclo[10.3.0.05,7]pentadec-3-en-2-one 34420-19-4 C20H30O4
    (1R,3Z,5R,7S,11R,12R,13S,14S)-1,11,13-trihydroxy-3,6,6,14-tetramethyl-10-methylidenetricyclo[10.3.0.05,7]pentadec-3-en-2-one
    —— Aloenin B 106533-41-9 C34H38O17
    Aloenin B
    —— [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 93236-42-1 C36H48O20
    [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— linderane 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    linderane
    —— (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 60213-69-6 C41H66O12
    (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
    —— escin Ia 66795-86-6 C55H86O24
    escin Ia
    —— 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-cycloundeca-1,4,8-triene 6753-98-6 C15H24
    2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-cycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
    —— (9S)-9-[(9R)-2-Carboxy-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid 81-27-6 C42H38O20
    (9S)-9-[(9R)-2-Carboxy-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (25R)-2alpha,15beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (25R)-2alpha,15beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside
    —— 2-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 19083-00-2 C45H72O17
    2-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(5'R,6R,7S,9S,13S,15R,16S,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(5'R,6R,7S,9S,13S,15R,16S,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— neoline 466-26-2 C24H39NO6
    neoline
    —— Praeruptorin B 81740-07-0 C24H26O7
    Praeruptorin B
    —— (5R,11R,14S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol 1354-84-3 C22H33NO2
    (5R,11R,14S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol
    —— (10S,11R,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,11,12,13,21,22,23,26,27,38,39-tridecahydroxy-9,14,17,29,36-pentaoxaoctacyclo[29.8.0.02,7.010,15.019,24.025,34.028,33.032,37]nonatriaconta-1(39),2,4,6,19,21,23,25,27,31,33,37-dodecaene-8,18,30,35-tetrone 65995-64-4 C34H22O22
    (10S,11R,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,11,12,13,21,22,23,26,27,38,39-tridecahydroxy-9,14,17,29,36-pentaoxaoctacyclo[29.8.0.02,7.010,15.019,24.025,34.028,33.032,37]nonatriaconta-1(39),2,4,6,19,21,23,25,27,31,33,37-dodecaene-8,18,30,35-tetrone
    —— Mastoparan 7 145854-59-7 C67H124N18O15
    Mastoparan 7
    —— Typhaneoside 104472-68-6 C34H42O20
    Typhaneoside
    —— 8α-acetoxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-benzoyl-26-hydroxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-deacetyl-8-deoxo-evonimine 37239-51-3 C43H49NO19
    8α-acetoxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-benzoyl-26-hydroxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-deacetyl-8-deoxo-evonimine
    —— methyl 17-ethyl-6-[(15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl 17-ethyl-6-[(15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— [(3Z,9E)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate 22144-76-9 C30H37NO6
    [(3Z,9E)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate
    —— Cytochalasin C 22144-76-9 C30H37NO6
    Cytochalasin C
    —— 3β-(3-Carboxy-propionyloxy)-Δ<sup>5</sup>-cholesten 1510-21-0 C31H50O4
    3β-(3-Carboxy-propionyloxy)-Δ<sup>5</sup>-cholesten
    —— (E)-6-[(7S,10S,13R,14R,15S,17R)-7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid 100665-40-5 C30H42O7
    (E)-6-[(7S,10S,13R,14R,15S,17R)-7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid
    —— Cinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-, (-)-1-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexyl ester 1241-87-8 C16H18O9
    Cinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-, (-)-1-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexyl ester
    —— (2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4aS,7S,7aR)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol 52949-83-4 C15H24O9
    (2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4aS,7S,7aR)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
    —— pentamethylene bis[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-isoquinoline-2-propionate], dioxalate 64228-78-0 C55H70N2O20
    pentamethylene bis[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-isoquinoline-2-propionate], dioxalate
    —— Proanthocyanidin A2 12798-56-0 C30H24O12
    Proanthocyanidin A2
    —— epicatechin(4β->8,2β->O->7)catechin 12798-56-0 C30H24O12
    epicatechin(4β->8,2β->O->7)catechin
    —— proanthocyanidin A-2 12798-56-0 C30H24O12
    proanthocyanidin A-2
    —— glucotropaeolin potassium salt 5115-71-9 C14H18NO9S2*K
    glucotropaeolin potassium salt
    —— harpagoside 19210-12-9 C24H30O11
    harpagoside
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranose, 1-[N-(sulfooxy)-3-butenimidate], monopotassium salt 3952-98-5 C10H17NO9S2
    beta-D-Glucopyranose, 1-[N-(sulfooxy)-3-butenimidate], monopotassium salt
    —— (2S,4R)-2-Phenyl-4-chromanol 487-25-2 C15H14O2
    (2S,4R)-2-Phenyl-4-chromanol
    —— (+/-)-epi-fraxinellone 28808-62-0 C14H16O3
    (+/-)-epi-fraxinellone
    —— delsoline 509-18-2 C25H41NO7
    delsoline
    —— ganoderic acid B 81907-61-1 C30H44O7
    ganoderic acid B
    —— catalponol 34168-56-4 C15H18O2
    catalponol
    —— picrotin 7634-52-8 C15H18O7
    picrotin
    —— fargesin 31008-19-2 C21H22O6
    fargesin
    —— falcarinol 21852-80-2 C17H24O
    falcarinol
    —— napelline 5008-52-6 C22H33NO3
    napelline
    —— kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-O-<α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->6)>-β-D-galactopyranoside 55696-58-7 C33H40O20
    kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-O-<α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->6)>-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— chikusetsusaponin V 34367-04-9 C48H76O19
    chikusetsusaponin V
    —— (-)-1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid 1073897-80-9 C34H30O15
    (-)-1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid