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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 提取物

    提取物

    在植物生长过程中进行了一系列新陈代谢生化过程，形成了多种化学物质，构成植物的复杂化学成分。这些物质种类繁多，不同部位含有不同的成分。一般而言，植物中含有以下几种类型的化学成分：生物碱、苷类、有机酸、树脂（包括树脂酸、树脂醇和树脂烃）、挥发油、糖类（如淀粉、菊淀粉、树胶和粘液质等）、氨基酸、蛋白质及酶、鞣质、植物色素（如叶绿素、胡萝卜素、黄酮类、甜菜红碱类和醌类）以及油脂、蜡和无机成分（微量元素）。

    植物提取物种类多样，在皮肤药品、疗效化妆品和日常护肤品中，它们的主要功能包括抗刺激、消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、消毒、滋润及保护皮肤。单一或复方的植物提取物都能发挥多种效能，尤其是复方提取物因其综合配伍作用而表现出更好的整体效果。

    按剂型分类，植物提取物分为水溶性提取物（如用水和丙二醇、丁二醇等提取液）、油溶性提取物（如各种植物油及肉豆蔻异丙酯提取物）、精油、喷雾干燥粉、酶解蛋白粉、纯有效成分、去皮果实核的干粉、脂质体包封微囊、多糖或其他聚合物包封微囊和多孔微球吸收提取物等。此外，新鲜榨取的水果或蔬菜汁也在专业美容院及家庭护理中使用。

    植物的有效成分因其所用部位不同而异，主要分为根、茎、叶、皮、花、花冠、果实、种子和幼芽等部分。这些分类在生产、应用、存储和运输方面具有重要意义，并被许多生产厂家采用。

    随着提取、分离技术以及对其结构的研究不断进步，纯化植物提取物逐渐受到重视。一些化妆品公司积极开发此类产品，分离并制备纯净的提取物，应用于各类美容产品中。这类提取物的有效成分含量高，不含或仅含少量无关物质，并具有明确的质量标准和检验方法。尽管成本较高，但使用这些植物提取物能提高产品的防腐性能及质量控制水平。

    中国的植物提取物产业因受传统中医药文化影响而具备独特优势，凭借着丰富的资源和技术支持，在国际市场上占据重要地位。2010年，我国植物提取物出口额达到8.15亿美元，占中药出口总额的41.9%，成为中药出口增长的主要动力。目前约有2000家企业从事植物提取物生产和贸易，每年出口上千种产品。

    数据显示，2011年上半年，我国植物提取物出口额为5.25亿美元，同比增长47.68%。由于其作为“天然药物”和“顺势疗法”的应用，在国际市场拥有稳定的销路。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-carboxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-carboxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 9046-40-6 C18H26O19
    (2S,3R,4S,5R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-carboxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-carboxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-[(2S,17S)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    4-[(2S,17S)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid
    —— (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(3R,6R,8S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(3R,6R,8S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 52187-80-1 C27H30O16
    5-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
    —— [(1R,2S,3S,5R,6S,8R,12S,16R,19S,20R,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosan-21-yl] acetate 6836-11-9 C27H41NO8
    [(1R,2S,3S,5R,6S,8R,12S,16R,19S,20R,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosan-21-yl] acetate
    —— Pseudo ginsenoside F11 69884-00-0 C42H72O14
    Pseudo ginsenoside F11
    —— Hydroxypanaxidiol 32791-84-7 C30H52O4
    Hydroxypanaxidiol
    —— (3S,3aS,4S,6S,6aS,7E,10R,15E,181S)-3-benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-5-methylene-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,10,11,12,13-decahydro-1H-[1]oxacyclotetradeca[2,3-d]isoindole-1,14,17(2H,9H)-trione 14110-64-6 C29H35NO5
    (3S,3aS,4S,6S,6aS,7E,10R,15E,181S)-3-benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-5-methylene-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,10,11,12,13-decahydro-1H-[1]oxacyclotetradeca[2,3-d]isoindole-1,14,17(2H,9H)-trione
    —— (3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 474-62-4 C28H48O
    (3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
    —— (Z)-6-(7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid 100665-40-5 C30H42O7
    (Z)-6-(7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid
    —— Ganoderenic acid c 100665-42-7 C30H44O7
    Ganoderenic acid c
    —— ebeiedinone 25650-68-4 C27H43NO2
    ebeiedinone
    —— lactobionic acid 96-82-2 C12H22O12
    lactobionic acid
    —— kawain 3155-48-4 C14H14O3
    kawain
    —— ginsenoside Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
    ginsenoside Re
    —— ginsenoside-Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
    ginsenoside-Re
    —— Ginsenoside Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
    Ginsenoside Re
    —— 7-methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole;hydrate;hydrochloride 6027-98-1 C13H17ClN2O2
    7-methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole;hydrate;hydrochloride
    —— 5-cholesten-3β-ol 3-(3-carboxypropanoate) 1510-21-0 C31H50O4
    5-cholesten-3β-ol 3-(3-carboxypropanoate)
    —— cholest-5-en-3α-ol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    cholest-5-en-3α-ol
    —— cholesterol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    cholesterol
    —— cholest-5-en-3β-ol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    cholest-5-en-3β-ol
    —— Marrubiin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    Marrubiin
    —— isomarrubilin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    isomarrubilin
    —— Marubiin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    Marubiin
    —— [8]-shogaol 36700-45-5 C19H28O3
    [8]-shogaol
    —— 10-shogaol 36752-54-2 C21H32O3
    10-shogaol
    —— raffinose 512-69-6 C18H32O16
    raffinose
    —— (3S,8S,10R,13R,17R)-3-chloro-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene 910-31-6 C27H45Cl
    (3S,8S,10R,13R,17R)-3-chloro-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene
    —— methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— (+/-)-nootkatone 28834-25-5 C15H22O
    (+/-)-nootkatone
    —— eleutheroside E 39432-56-9 C34H46O18
    eleutheroside E
    —— Alisol B acetate 26575-95-1 C32H50O5
    Alisol B acetate
    —— (2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 32449-98-2 C39H63NO11
    (2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 7β,15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid 81907-62-2 C30H44O7
    7β,15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid
    —— (1R,2S,4S,5R,8R,12S,16R,19S,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.1~2,5~.0~1,13~.0~3,8~.0~8,12~.0~16,20~]docos-21-yl acetate (non-preferred name) 6836-11-9 C27H41NO8
    (1R,2S,4S,5R,8R,12S,16R,19S,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.1~2,5~.0~1,13~.0~3,8~.0~8,12~.0~16,20~]docos-21-yl acetate (non-preferred name)
    —— 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg<sub>2</sub> 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg<sub>2</sub>
    —— ginsenoside-Rg<sub>2</sub> 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    ginsenoside-Rg<sub>2</sub>
    —— 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2
    —— piperanine 23512-46-1 C17H21NO3
    piperanine
    —— (1E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene 6753-98-6 C15H24
    (1E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
    —— (2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,12bR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid 1449-05-4 C30H46O4
    (2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,12bR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Epicatechin-(4beta->8 103883-03-0 C30H24O12
    Epicatechin-(4beta->8
    —— (7S)-4a,5,7-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl D-glucopyranoside 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    (7S)-4a,5,7-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl D-glucopyranoside
    —— Lappaconitin 32854-75-4 C32H44N2O8
    Lappaconitin
    —— lappaconitine 32854-75-4 C32H44N2O8
    lappaconitine
    —— 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester 140360-29-8 C59H96O27
    3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester
    —— 6-O-methylbaicalein 7-O-glucopyranuronide 36948-76-2 C22H20O11
    6-O-methylbaicalein 7-O-glucopyranuronide
    —— 3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1<i>t</i>-((1Ξ:4Ξ)-4-palmitoyloxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(5)-yl)-18<i>t</i>-((Ξ)-4-palmitoyloxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(6)-yl)-octadecanonaen-(1,3<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>,7<i>t</i>,9<i>t</i>,11<i>t</i>,13<i>t</i>,15<i>t</i>,17) 547-17-1 C72H116O4
    3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1<i>t</i>-((1Ξ:4Ξ)-4-palmitoyloxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(5)-yl)-18<i>t</i>-((Ξ)-4-palmitoyloxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(6)-yl)-octadecanonaen-(1,3<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>,7<i>t</i>,9<i>t</i>,11<i>t</i>,13<i>t</i>,15<i>t</i>,17)
    —— gentiopicroside 20831-76-9 C16H20O9
    gentiopicroside