Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane appears as a colorless crystalline solid. Insoluble in water and sinks in water. Toxic by inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion. Used as a pesticide.
颜色/状态:
Crystalline solid from petroleum ether
蒸汽密度:
11 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
蒸汽压力:
1.35X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C
亨利常数:
6.60e-06 atm-m3/mole
分解:
When heated to decomp, emits highly toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.
In pigeons (Columba liva) ... feeding of DDD ... /gave/ rise to small residues of DDE. The DDD was rapidly metabolized exclusively to 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl-1-chloroethylene.
... DDD ... in peanut oil ... was injected into fertile leghorn eggs or fed in the diet to chicks hatched from untreated eggs. No significant differences ... between two treatments were observed. ... p,p'-DDD gave rise to o,p'-DDD, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene (DDMU), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethane (DDMS), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDNU), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanol (DDOH), bis(p-chlorophenyl)-acetic acid (DDA), DDM, and dichlorobenzophenone (DBP).
After ingestion of ... DDD by adult volunteers, bis(p-chlorophenyl)-acetic acid (DDA) was excreted in urine ... DDD readily degrades ... through a series of intermediates to DDA and is rarely found as a stored metabolite in the general population.
DDD is absorbed in the stomach and intestine, after which it enters the lymphatic system and is carried throughout the body and incorporated into fatty tissues. Metabolism of DDD occurs mainly via cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver and kidney. Its metabolites, mainly DDA (bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid), are excreted in the urine. (L85)
DDD toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDD reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDD inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. DDD inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDD also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. DDD is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (T10, L85)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类:B2组可能的人类致癌物
Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen
CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on increased incidence of lung tumors in male and female mice, liver tumors in male mice and thyroid tumors in male rats. DDD is structurally similar to, and is a known metabolite of DDT, a probable human carcinogen. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. /Based on a former classification scheme/
Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: inadequate; 2) evidence in animals: sufficient. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans. /From table/
Sheep were orally dosed for 28 consecutive days with ... DDD ... DDE appeared as a metabolite of DDD ... in fat. ... DDD showed 2 maxima /in blood; one occurring/ at 8 hr and /the other at/ 32 hr after dosing.
Tetrachlorodiphenyl ethane (p,p-DDD) ... was found in urine of New Zealand red rabbits ... exposed to cigarette smoke containing labeled TDE. In fat, vital organs, and other tissues, tetrachlorodiphenyl ethane and TDEE were found.
DDD was quantified in specimens of maternal blood, placenta, and umbilical cord blood from women experiencing stillbirth and live birth. Specimens of stillbirth cases had higher organochlorine insecticide contents as compared to matched controls.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Design of a Bimetallic Au/Ag System for Dechlorination of Organochlorides: Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for the Role of the Cluster Effect
作者:Leonid V. Romashov、Levon L. Khemchyan、Evgeniy G. Gordeev、Igor O. Koshevoy、Sergey P. Tunik、Valentine P. Ananikov
DOI:10.1021/om500620u
日期:2014.11.10
hydrodechlorination process was determined in a joint experimental and theoretical study carried out in the present work. This mechanistic finding was followed by synthesis of molecular bimetallic clusters, which were successfully involved in the hydrodechlorination of CCl4 as a low molecular weight environment pollutant and in the dechlorination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) as an eco-toxic insecticide
Au / Ag双金属体系脱氯活性的实验研究表明,形成了多种氯化双金属Au / Ag簇,其定义明确的Au:Ag比为1:1至4:1。介导C–Cl键断裂的是Au / Ag簇物种的形成,因为单独的Au和Ag都没有表现出可比的活性。在M06 / 6-311G(d)和SDD理论水平上,通过ESI-MS,GC-MS,NMR和量子化学计算研究了产物的性质和脱氯机理。结果表明,由于热力学因素,双金属簇的形成促进了脱氯活性:金属簇的C–Cl键断裂在热力学上是有利的,并导致了氯化双金属物种的形成。合适的Au:在本工作中进行的联合实验和理论研究确定了有效加氢脱氯过程中的银比。在此机理发现之后,合成了分子双金属簇,该簇成功参与了CCl的加氢脱氯反应4作为低分子量环境污染物,在二氯二苯基三氯乙烷(DDT)的脱氯中作为生态毒性杀虫剂。设计的双金属系统的高活性使其可以在温和条件下于室温下进行脱氯过程。
Recycled Catalysis of a Hydrophobic Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>in an Ionic Liquid
作者:Hisashi Shimakoshi、Sei Kudo、Yoshio Hisaeda
DOI:10.1246/cl.2005.1096
日期:2005.8
Recycled use of a hydrophobic vitamin B12, heptamethyl cobyrinate perchlorate, in the dechlorination of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) with a visible light irradiation system containing a [Ru(II)(bpy)3]Cl2 photosensitizer was achieved using an ionic liquid as reaction medium.
[EN] HETROARYLAMINE COMPOUNDS FOR MODULATING THE HEDGEHOG PATHWAY AND PREPARING METHOD AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS D'HÉTÉROARYLAMINE POUR MODULER LA VOIE HEDGEHOG ET PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION ET UTILISATIONS DE CEUX-CI
申请人:DEV CT BIOTECHNOLOGY
公开号:WO2018098250A1
公开(公告)日:2018-05-31
The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein X, Y, Z1, Z2, R1, R2, A, B, p and q are as disclosed in the specification. A pharmaceutical composition and a method for modulating the Hedgehog pathway are also provided. The present invention further provides a process for preparing the compound.
Novolac resin-containing resist underlayer film-forming composition using bisphenol aldehyde
申请人:NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.
公开号:US10017664B2
公开(公告)日:2018-07-10
Resist underlayer film-forming composition for forming resist underlayer film with high dry etching resistance, wiggling resistance and exerts good flattening property and embedding property for uneven parts, including resin obtained by reacting organic compound A including aromatic ring and aldehyde B having at least two aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups having phenolic hydroxy group and having structure wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups are bonded through tertiary carbon atom. The aldehyde B may be compound of Formula (1):
The obtained resin may have a unit structure of Formula (2):
Ar1 and Ar2 each are C6-40 aryl group. The organic compound A including aromatic ring may be aromatic amine or phenolic hydroxy group-containing compound. The composition may contain further solvent, acid and/or acid generator, or crosslinking agent. Forming resist pattern used for semiconductor production, including forming resist underlayer film by applying the resist underlayer film-forming composition onto semiconductor substrate and baking it.
Hydrogenated tetrapropylporphycenes, 2,3-dihydro-2,7,12,17-tetrapropylporphycene 1 and its NiII complex 2, have been prepared and the hydrogenation effects on their electronic structure characterized. A one-electron reduction of 2 promotes dehalogenation of organic halides whose observation is unprecedented for the porphycene compounds.