三氯甲基锡 | 993-16-8

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 有机金属类化合物 - 有机锡
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机金属化合物 - 金属烷基卤化物
• 中文名称: 三氯甲基锡
• 中文别名: 三氯化甲基锡；甲基三氯化锡
• 英文名称: methyltin(IV) trichloride
• 英文别名: Methylzinntrichlorid；Methyl-trichlor-stannan；Trichlor-methyl-stannan；methyltin trichloride；Methyl-trichlor-zinn；monomethyl-tin trichloride；Trichlor-methylzinn；Methyltin(3+);trichloride；methyltin(3+);trichloride
• CAS: 993-16-8
• 化学式: CH₃Cl₃Sn
• 分子量: 240.104
• InChiKey: YFRLQYJXUZRYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-K

物化性质

• 熔点：
  48-51 °C(lit.)
• 沸点：
  171 °C(lit.)
• 闪点：
  105 °F
• 溶解度：
  易溶于可溶于氯仿、甲醇。
• 暴露限值：
  ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
• 物理描述：
  DryPowder; Liquid
• 稳定性/保质期：
  在常温常压下保持稳定，避免与强氧化剂和水分直接接触。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.27
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

尽管锡金属的吸收非常差，但锡化合物可以通过口服、吸入或皮肤途径被吸收，有机锡化合物的吸收速度远比无机锡化合物快。锡可能进入血液并绑定到血红蛋白上，在体内主要分布并在肾脏、肝脏、肺和骨骼中积累。有机锡化合物可能在肝脏中通过细胞色素P-450酶催化发生脱烷基化、羟基化、脱芳香化和氧化。脱烷基化产生的烷基产物会与谷胱甘肽结合并进一步代谢成巯基尿酸衍生物。锡及其代谢物主要通过尿液和粪便排出体外。

Though tin metal is very poorly absorbed, tin compounds may be absorbed via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes, with organotin compounds being much more readily absorbed than inorganic tin compounds. Tin may enter the bloodstream and bind to hemoglobin, where it is distributed and accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. Organotin compounds may undergo dealkylation, hydroxylation, dearylation, and oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. The alkyl products of dealkylation are conjugated with glutathione and further metabolized to mercapturic acid derivatives. Tin and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine and feces. (L308)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

有机锡化合物产生神经毒性和免疫毒性效应。有机锡可能直接激活胶质细胞，通过局部释放促炎细胞因子、肿瘤坏死因子-α和/或白细胞介素，从而促进神经细胞退化。它们还可能通过直接作用于神经细胞来诱导凋亡。有机锡化合物刺激脑组织中神经递质的释放和/或减少神经细胞对神经递质的摄取，包括天冬氨酸、GABA、谷氨酸、去甲肾上腺素和血清素。这可能是神经细胞丢失的一个促成因素或结果。有机锡的免疫毒性特征是由抑制未成熟胸腺细胞的增殖和成熟胸腺细胞的凋亡引起的胸腺萎缩。人们认为有机锡化合物通过抑制DNA和蛋白质合成、诱导参与凋亡的基因（如nur77）的表达以及破坏细胞内钙水平的调节来发挥这些效应，从而导致不受控制的活性氧种类的产生、细胞色素c释放到细胞质中以及凋亡的蛋白水解和核酸酶级联。未成熟胸腺细胞增殖的抑制进一步导致T细胞介导的免疫应答的抑制。有机锡也是内分泌干扰物，被认为通过不适当的受体激活导致脂肪细胞分化，从而促进肥胖。无机锡引发红细胞溶解，导致锡诱导的贫血。(L308, A182, A184)

Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

吸入或吞咽有机锡，或者皮肤接触有机锡，可能会干扰大脑和神经系统的工作方式，严重情况下可能导致死亡。有机锡化合物还可能损害免疫和生殖系统。

Breathing or swallowing, or skin contact with organotins, can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system work, causing death in severe cases. Organic tin compounds may also damage the immune and reproductive system. (L307, L308)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L308）；吸入（L308）；皮肤给药（L308）

Oral (L308) ; inhalation (L308) ; dermal (L308)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

无机或有机锡化合物放置在皮肤上或进入眼睛中可能会引起皮肤和眼睛的刺激。

Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (L308)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  8
• 危险品标志：
  F,C,T
• 安全说明：
  S16,S26,S36/37/39,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R22,R34,R11
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  2931900090
• RTECS号：
  WH8585500
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  8
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 2921 8/PG 2
• 危险标志：
  GHS02,GHS05,GHS06,GHS09
• 危险性描述：
  H228,H311 + H331,H314,H317,H400
• 危险性防范说明：
  P210,P261,P273,P280,P305 + P351 + P338,P310
• 储存条件：
  储存于干燥的惰性气体中，并确保容器密封。将其存放在阴凉、干燥处。

SDS

Name:	Methyltin trichloride Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:	Trichloromethylstannan
CAS:	993-16-8

Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Methyltin trichloride Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:Trichloromethylstannan

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Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

CAS#	Chemical Name	content	EINECS#
993-16-8	Methyltin trichloride		213-608-8

Hazard Symbols: F C
Risk Phrases: 11 22 34

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Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Highly flammable. Harmful if swallowed. Causes burns.Moisture sensitive.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes eye burns.
Skin:
Causes skin burns.
Ingestion:
Harmful if swallowed. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns.
Inhalation:
Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. May cause respiratory difficulty and coughing.
Chronic:
Not available.

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Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.
Skin:
Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting. Get medical aid immediately. Wash mouth out with water.
Inhalation:
Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically and supportively.

---

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Flammable solid.
Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

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Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Remove all sources of ignition. Use a spark-proof tool.

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Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Use only in a chemical fume hood.
Storage:
Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a cool, dry place.
Store in a tightly closed container. Flammables-area. Store under nitrogen.

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Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Exposure Limits CAS# 993-16-8: United Kingdom, WEL - TWA: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 TWA (except cyhexatin, as Sn) United Kingdom, WEL - STEL: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.
mg/m3 STEL (except cyhexatin, as Sn) United States OSHA: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA (as Sn) (listed under Tin orga compounds).
Belgium - TWA: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 VLE ( Sn) Belgium - STEL: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.2 mg/m3 VLE Sn) France - VME: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 VME (a Sn) France - VLE: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.2 mg/m3 VLE (a Sn) Germany: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 VME (as Sn) Germany: (listed as tin organic compounds): Skin absorber Malaysia: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 TWA (as Sn Netherlands: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.2 mg/m3 STEL (a Sn) Netherlands: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 MAC (as Spain: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 VLA-ED (as Sn Spain: (listed as tin organic compounds): 0.2 mg/m3 VLA-EC (as Sn Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Not available.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.

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Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Crystals
Color: off-white
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: 171 deg C
Freezing/Melting Point: 48 - 51 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: 40 deg C ( 104.00 deg F)
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature:
Solubility in water:
Specific Gravity/Density:
Molecular Formula: CH3Cl3Sn
Molecular Weight: 240.07

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Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Not available.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, exposure to moist air or water.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, tin/tin oxides.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported

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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 993-16-8: WH8585500 LD50/LC50:
CAS# 993-16-8: Oral, rat: LD50 = 1370 mg/kg.
Carcinogenicity:
Methyltin trichloride - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

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Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Other No information available.

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Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

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Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
No information available.
IMO
No information available.
RID/ADR
No information available.

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Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: F C
Risk Phrases:
R 11 Highly flammable.
R 22 Harmful if swallowed.
R 34 Causes burns.
Safety Phrases:
S 16 Keep away from sources of ignition - No
smoking.
S 25 Avoid contact with eyes.
S 36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves
and eye/face protection.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 993-16-8: No information available.
Canada
CAS# 993-16-8 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 993-16-8 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 993-16-8 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  三氯甲基锡 在 C₅H₅Na 作用下， 以 苯 为溶剂， 生成 tricyclopentadienyl methyl tin
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an organometallischen Verbindungen XXVI. 1H-NMR-Spektren von Cyclopentadienyl-verbindungen des vierbindigen Zinns

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0022-328x(00)80058-3
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  甲基[三(五氟苯基)]锡烷 在 HCl 作用下， 生成 三氯甲基锡
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Sn: Org.Verb.2, 1.1.2.16, page 427 - 434

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  苯亚甲基甲胺 、 cyclohex-2-enyltrimethylstannane 在 三氯甲基锡 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 生成 threo-α-(2-cyclohexen-1-yl)benzenemethanol 、 erythro-α-(2-cyclohexen-1-yl)benzenemethanol
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Marshall, Raymond L.; Muderawan, I. Wayan; Young, David J., Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin Transactions 2 (2001), 2000, # 5, p. 957 - 962

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• [EN] 3-(3,5-DISUBSTITUTED-4-HYDROXYPHENYL)PROPIONAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS CATHEPSIN B INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] DERIVES DE 4-HYDROXYPHENYL-3-3,5-DISUBSTITUE-PROPIONAMIDE EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE CATHEPSINE B
  申请人：AXYS PHARM INC

  公开号：WO2004026851A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-04-01

  The present invention is directed to novel 3-(3,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionamide derivatives that are inhibitors of Cathepsin B. Pharmaceutical composition comprising these compounds, method of treating diseases mediated by Cathepsin B, utilizing these compounds and methods of preparing these compounds are also disclosed.

  本发明涉及一种新型的3-(3,5-二取代-4-羟基苯基)-丙酰胺衍生物，它们是Cathepsin B的抑制剂。还公开了包含这些化合物的药物组合物、治疗由Cathepsin B介导的疾病的方法、利用这些化合物的方法以及制备这些化合物的方法。
• New organotin(IV) complexes with <i>N</i>(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone derivatives prepared from 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity
  作者：Rosenani A. Haque、M.A. Salam、Md. Azharul Arafath

  DOI：10.1080/00958972.2015.1057133

  日期：2015.8.18

  conductivity, UV–Vis, FT-IR, and NMR (1H, 13C, and 119Sn) spectroscopy. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic data suggested that the ligands were coordinated to tin(IV) as dinegative tridentate via phenoxide-O, azomethine-N, and thiolate-S atoms. The crystal structures revealed that the ligands exist in thione form in the solid state. In vitro

  摘要 4-甲基氨基硫脲与2,3-二羟基苯甲醛和2-羟基-5-甲基苯甲醛反应分别制备了N(4)-甲基氨基硫脲衍生物H2DDMT(1)和H2DMMT(2)。六种新的有机锡 (IV) 配合物，[MeSnCl(DDMT)] (3), [BuSnCl(DDMT)] (4), [PhSnCl(DDMT)] (5), [MeSnCl(DMMT)] (6), [BuSnCl (DMMT)] (7) 和 [PhSnCl(DMMT)] (8) 已通过相应的有机锡 (IV) 氯化物与这些配体的直接反应合成。配体及其化合物已通过元素分析、摩尔电导率、UV-Vis、FT-IR 和 NMR（1H、13C 和 119Sn）光谱表征。1和2的分子结构由X射线晶体学确定。光谱数据表明配体通过苯氧化物-O、偶氮甲碱-N、作为双负三齿的锡(IV)配位，和硫醇盐-S 原子。晶体结构表明配体以固态硫酮形式存在。对所有化合物对 MCF-7
• Probing the Lewis basicity of the metalloligand [Pt2(μ-Se)2(PPh3)4] on tin substrates by electrospray mass spectrometry
  作者：Jeremy S. L. Yeo、Jagadese J. Vittal、William Henderson、T. S. Andy Hor

  DOI：10.1039/b006907h

  日期：——

  and two halides respectively by [Pt2(μ-Se)2(PPh3)4]. ESMS was also used to monitor the progress of reactions. The products, upon isolation, were also characterized by NMR and X-ray single crystal crystallographic analysis. The crystal structures of the aggregates [Pt2(μ3-Se)2(PPh3)4(SnBuCl2)][PF6], [Pt2(μ3-Se)2(PPh3)4(SnBu2Cl)][PF6] and [Pt2(μ3-Se)2(PPh3)4(SnMe2Cl)][PF6] are reported and discussed.

  电喷雾 质谱 （能源管理系统）已用作检测[Pt 2（μ-Se）2（PPh 3）4 ]与锡（IV）底物反应性的工具，这会导致通过损失Pt 2（μ-Se）2（PPh 3）4与锡（IV）形成反应。卤化物。用于置换反应的金属基材为SnR x Cl 4 −  x（x  = 1，R = Me，Bu或Ph; x  = 2，R = Me，Bu，Et或Ph; x  = 3，R = Me，x Ph）和Sn（CH 2 Ph）2 Br 2。这些反应大多数都产生了单-和双-阳离子 通过位移一和二 卤化物分别由[Pt 2（μ-Se）2（PPh 3）4 ]决定。能源管理系统还用于监控反应进度。分离后的产物还具有以下特征：核磁共振和X射线单晶晶体学分析。聚集体的晶体结构[PT 2（μ 3 -Se）2（PPH 3）4（SnBuCl 2）] [PF 6 ]，[铂2（μ 3 -Se）2（PPH 3）4（SnBu 2氯）] [PF
• Palladium-catalyzed stille couplings of aryl-, vinyl-, and alkyltrichlorostannanes in aqueous solution
  作者：Roopa Rai、Katherine B. Aubrecht、David B. Collum

  DOI：10.1016/0040-4039(95)00485-u

  日期：1995.5

  Stille coupling of water-soluble aryl and vinyl halides with alkyl-, aryl-, and vinyltrichlorostannane derivatives (RSnCl3) are effected in aqueous solution using a catalyst generated in situ from PdCl2 and KOH both with and without added PhP(m-C6H4SO3Na)2. The yields are generally good to excellent, although some limitations of the protocol are described.

  的Stille的水溶性的芳基和乙烯基卤化物与烷基连接，芳基- ，和vinyltrichlorostannane衍生物（RSnCl 3）使用所生成的催化剂在水溶液中进行原位从的PdCl 2和KOH具有和不具有添加的PHP（米-C 6 H 4 SO 3 Na）2。尽管描述了协议的一些局限性，但收率通常良好或优异。
• Synthesis and Characterization of Group 14−Platinum(IV) Complexes
  作者：Christopher J. Levy、Jagadese J. Vittal、Richard J. Puddephatt

  DOI：10.1021/om950493u

  日期：1996.4.16

  [PtMe2(diimine)] complexes give facile trans oxidative addition of the E−X bond (E = Si, X = Br, I; E = Ge, Sn, X = Cl, Br, I). The oxidative additions occur more readily for MenEX4-n in the sequences X = I > Br > Cl and E = Sn > Ge > Si. The first stable silylplatinum(IV) complexes have been prepared in this way, and the X-ray crystal structure of [PtIMe2(Me3Si)(bpy)] shows an exceptionally long Pt−I bond length

  第14组化合物Me n EX 4- n（E = Si，Ge，Sn; X = Cl，Br，I）与富电子的[PtMe 2（diimine ）]配合物的反应可轻松实现E-的反氧化加成X键（E = Si，X = Br，I; E = Ge，Sn，X = Cl，Br，I）。对于Me n EX 4- n而言，以X = I> Br> Cl和E = Sn> Ge> Si的顺序更容易发生氧化加成。以这种方式制备了第一个稳定的甲硅烷基铂（IV）配合物，[PtIMe 2（Me 3 Si）（bpy）]的X射线晶体结构显示了异常长的Pt-I键长（2.963（1）Å ）与高反三甲基甲硅烷基的影响。1 H NMR研究表明，涉及锗和锡试剂的氧化加成反应易于逆转。几种铂（IV）-锡配合物具有掺入晶格中的第二分子锡试剂。[PtIMe 2（Me 3 Sn）（bpy- t bu 2）] 2 ·Me 3 SnI·CH 2 Cl 2的